Chief Bill Bratton Leadership Essay

When one thinks of a draw, what type of person do we think of? Is that individual a hero that we see on television, a cartoon character, a family member, or is that person a public handmaiden? Regardless(prenominal) of occupation and title, a leader is a person who inspires others and they have it off how to motivate people. When they arrive, you see something about them that stands out. The inner strength of their leadership efficacy emerges. (Gonzalez, 2007, February 1). Leaders are individuals in your area of work who are rivet on the tasks at hand and they have a clear and brief vision on what their respective plaques are set out to do. How do you know if you are being an effective leader? A leader is a person who is looked up to and has a plan to get things accomplished. in spite of appearance groups, a leader is the person who makes the final decision for the group and it is a person who is motivated to see success for their organization. A leader is on a quest and you can see it. (Gonzalez, 2007, February 1).In the area of fair play enforcement, Bob Vernon states that there are six questions that every law enforcement police officer leader should ask to see if they are being effective leaders. Vernon states that each law enforcement leader should look in the mirror and ask themselves if their organization has the following a.) Direction, b.) Teamwork, c.) Staff development, d.) Principles, values, and policies, e.) Communication, and f.) controls (Vernon 60-62).Few officers were more of a leader than William Joseph history Bratton was. Bratton was born on October 6, 1947 in Dorchester, Massachusetts which is a suburb of Boston. He attended Boston Technical High School and graduated in 1965. Bratton went on to serve in the military and he served in the Vietnam state of war during the 1960s. Bratton began his police career with the Boston police discussion section in 1970. within ten years he rose to the rank of Superintendent. During Bratt ons police career he held the position of Superintendent with three of the largest police agencies in the world. Bratton served with the Boston Police Department from 1991-1993, the New York City Police Department from 1994-1996, and lastly with the Los Angeles Police Department from 2002-2009.During Brattons tenure with the New York Police Department, the work he did resulted in dramatic change in the take of crime in the city. For example, murder rates dropped from 2,500 per year to just less than 1,000 per year. Shootings fell from 6,000 to 3,000 a year and robberies from 85,000 to approximately 50,000 per year. (Blair, 2002, September, 23).

Intercultural Luxury Draft

He has won he Town and Country Couture assign three times in a row. He has his come outroom and artists workroom in Istanbul Sample jewellery seven-spot Bikinis PRI Raise bracelet masking a wealth of techniques including microcosmic, miniature painting, penmanship and an intricate pave of diamonds that recreates this advance(prenominal) cartographers discoveries Its not all about accounting and culture in cardinal Bikini rings. This one is overstep by two fluffy chicks that formula real enough to stroke. Not the old cut diamonds on the root word of the ring with silver-foil backings septenary Bikini Seagulls over Istanbul ring.The seagulls appear to float in an azure sky ever the microcosmic scene depicting the history of Istanbul septette Bikini Pomegranate ring. The pomegranates are carved into the back of a precious stone that is mounted into the outsized ring set with diamonds Seven Bikini ring with miniature paintings of Istanbul on the sides and a quartz loft Sev en Bikini ring showing a range of techniques including photogravure carving and calligraphy More marine inspiration in this Seven Bikini ring that wraps a starfish almost the finger topped by a gorgeous baroque pearl.Rose-cut diamonds stand out against the oxidate metal Safety ring Turkey Seven Bias India shade of the country in relation to luxury Protestant ethic against show and excess modesty Luxury safe(p)s are bought for esthetics value earlier than for show Rising middle class buys luxury for its situation. Aware of provided the ubiquitous international luxury stigmas. With increasing travel, there IIS more awareness. nicety of jewelry wearing Classic jewelry tends to be more reserved, sober, distinct More jewelry worn for special occasions Jewelry (esp. gold) is considered an enthronisation vehicle.Most of the buying is done during wedding season and for some religious festivals. hardly a(prenominal) elites buy jewelry from international designer brands. Image of t he brand &1042 Seven Black &1042 Silver and gold more popular than semi-precious stones Arabic (? ) calligraphy not a trend in UK jewelry Local jewelry houses are preferred. Better rates and more ethnic style. Semi-precious stones are choice up in popularity, although highest demand for gold and diamonds. socialization of colors Muted, intrinsic colors preferred, not bright colors Lots of bright colors.Inherent in culture. Shiny gold. Business culture People do not accomplish for People always negotiate when it KICK Barberry Created in 1856 Barberry Group Pl is a British luxury port souse, manufacturing clothing, fragrance, and fashion accessories. Its distinctive tartan conventionality has become one of its most widely copied trademarks Most famous for its iconic trench coat, which was invented by founder Thomas Barberry The company has branded stores and franchises around the world, and also sells through concessions in third-party stores.HAM Queen Elizabeth II and HRS T he Prince of Wales have tending(p) the company Royal Warrants The Chief Creative Officer is Christopher Bailey. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FETES 100 mightiness Barberry originals or inspired by Tu reek The head she-bop, adapted from the classic Barberry scarf Colors muted, classic sense of the house style as seen in the LIKE India Use of bolder colors, textures, patterns The Trench very popular Sense of fun, mixing raw style with old traditions ELK Barberry Islamic culture doesnt like excess, luxury.Resistance of consumers for Christian and Jewish origin brands usury is used as a status symbol. Esp. the middle class. Aware of major international brands. Luxury from the west, IEEE Europe preferred. Culture of fashion wearing Being fashionable while adapting the rules of Islam. Increasing economic level and globalization created demand for Islamic fashion brands Western fashion is gaining in importance. Both day Wear and eveni ng wear. Has to co experience alongside ethnic clothes. Demand for well known brands alongside good fit.Conservative to a large extent. Trends dictated by movie stars. Image of the brand &1042 Barberry &1042 Very adaptable products ( scarves and trench coats) with neutral beige colors, modern just not sex appeal, branded and high quality, in line with Islamic fashion. Problem with Christian origin, and interpretation of symbols of the cross on the basis of go over design Well known. Its accessories more popular than main offerings. Barberry Bruit launched recently. Perfumes, wallets, lieu etc do very well. Known as British brand.

Assess the Impact of the Suez Crisis on the Conservative

Assess the refer of the Suez crisis on the conservative company 1955-1959 The conservative party managed to recuperate afterwardwards the Suez crisis, which was a major low point in the partys history. But how could the party bounce back after such a major event? The conservatives policies changed to cater of everyone with re-established the conservatives as a strong party. The Suez crisis greatly affected the conservative party as a whole. For an example the lack of trust with the party.Eden secretly colluded with the Israelis, even when this want cognise by the public the war between the Israelis and the Egyptians looked like a accessible excuse to seize the canal. However aside from this inconvenience the conservatives social policies had changed increasing the partys popularity. Such as the frugal prosperity at the time. Things such as TVs were becoming increasingly commonality in people kins. White good such as fridges and dry wash machines were too becoming increasingl y common this prosperity ment people didnt want change because the quality of life was getting better and in that location was no need for a change in government.And, as a result of perhaps the most distinctive Conservative policy of these years, home ownership rose from some 30 per cent to nearly 50 per cent, as the famous pledge given in 1950 to build 300, 000 in the altogether homes a year was redeemed by Macmillan as Housing curate after 1951 giving substance to the great Tory ideal of a upper-class democracy popularised by Anthony Eden after the war, as did the increase in personal savings from under ? 200 million to nearly ? 2, 000 million.Welfarism was alike a policy of the conservative party, it ment that the poor were looked after by the government more than than before by being provided council houses and of course the free health care provided by the NHS. The post-war baby boom? meant that there was in any baptismal font a need for more schools and t each(prenomi nal)ers, merely a series of reports arguably both highlighted the importance of study and influenced policy development. The Education Act 1944 had lay the foundations for a system of secondary education grounded in the idea of option through the 11-plus? xamination, with some children progressing to grammar schools and others to secondary moderns, and in some places good schools. However, during the 1950s a number of local authorities began to introduce an option model, comprehensive schools, but the Conservative Party, including in its general election manifestos in 1955 and 1959 manifestos promised to def finis and develop grammar schools. Following the White Paper Secondary education for all a major school building programme took place, albeit in the first place of secondary moderns.Within higher education, university colleges such as Sheffield and Southampton were upgraded to university status, and even before the result of the Robbins report approval was given for seve n new universities, including East Anglia, Lancaster, Warwick and York. The scotch policy of the Conservative Party is to help create the conditions in which the British people can steadily improve their standard of living. By the end of the decade, things were not going well.Staying in the Middle East had led gradual to the confrontation with President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt, and the disastrous decision to seek his override by multitude in collusion with Israel. The 1956 Suez Crisis was a savage divine revelation of Britains financial and military weakness and destroyed much of what remained of Britains influence in the Middle East. In the colonial territories, more active interference in social and economic matters, with a view to speeding the pace of development, had delirious wide op mystify and strengthened nationalist movements.The economic policies of the conservative party were unconventional, such as using Keynesian economics, which was more on the collective sid e. But sorting out unemployment was one of the reasons the party survived it make them more popular with the working class. Keynes stated that Unemployment was due to a deficiency in the demand for goods and services. Governments could, by adjusting their own spending, overcome that deficiency. Control of the money try and interest rates could also influence investment. Macmillan was convinced that this would solve the unemployment.The interference in Suez was a disaster. US President Dwight Eisenhower was incensed. World opinion, especially that of the unite States, together with the threat of Soviet intervention, forced Britain, France and Israel to withdraw their troops from Egypt. In Britain too there had been widespread outrage. A United Nations peacekeeping force was sent in to supervise the ceasefire and to restore order. The Suez Canal was cleared and reopened, but Britain in particular found its standing with the US gelded and its influence east of Suez diminished by th e incident.The Suez Crisis strained Anglo-American relations, but as Cold War Allies in the North Atlantic accordance Organisation (NATO) they continued to cooperate, and by 1962 Britain had adopted the US Polaris rocket system. During the period of opposition between the conservsatives and labour, the feud between the Gaitskellites and Bevanites continued. In 1954 Gaitskell and Bevan ran against each other for the position of Treasurer of the compass Party, which was seen as a stepping-stone to the position of Party Leader.Gaitskell defeated Bevan. Following Labours defeat in the 1955 election, Attlee announce his retirement as Party Leader. In the leadinghip election, the Labour left rallied somewhat Bevan, while the Labour right was split between Gaitskell and Herbert Morrison. Gaitskell defeated both, gaining almost sixty percent of the vote, and on December 14, 1955, became both Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition. Harold Macmillan took over as Prime Minister after Eden had resigned over the Suez crises.Soon after his appointment, Macmillan took part in a ministerial dissipate so he could introduce himself to the British people. After eyesight his performance, Macmillan commented that he had the appearance of a corpse looking out of a window and decided to learn television techniques. With his government losing by-elections and behind in the polls, Macmillan was confident enough to create events for television. During 1959 he visited the Soviet Union and made brief tours of most European countries.In August 1959 he invited the BBC to No 10 Downing Street so a live informal intervention with the American President Eisenhower could be shown on television. Afterwards both leaders went on to a dinner party held in No 10. The broadcast gave the impression of a statesman like Macmillan who was above politics. The following week, Macmillan announced the date of a General Election, which he would win by a landslide victory. Macmilla n knew that television was an important part of politics.The conservative partys reputation declined after the Suez crisis. However the conservative party managed to recover quickly, from orthogonal policy to housing the party changed radically, incorporating collectivised policies such as Keynesian economics and increasing spending on the welfare state. Altogether the socialist side of the party played to their advantage and the party stayed in magnate for 13 years. The Suez crisis was handled badly by Eden but after his capitulation everything improved from housing to the economy.

Gloria Steinem’s Effect on Modern-Day History Essay

Gloria Steinem has had the greatest impact on juvenile twenty-four hour period women in American society because, as an activist, she fought to achieve rights of equality. As a woman whose heart was affected by societys opinions and views of women, she was dictated to change these standards. She solidification a goal to regulate womens rights and stimulate womens subprogram in society matter just as much as mens. To accomplish said goals, Gloria Steinem systemized organizations that would sputter against discrimination towards any modify group, organized speeches that covered strong topics such as womens office in politics, womens side of rape and pornography, and funded a company that would permit women at home to share their stories and speak for themselves (Bauer, Garlena A, B2). Gloria Steinem has had the greatest impact of modern day society because without her assi emplacement and provision womens culture would divers(a) from what it was like in the 50s.Gloria Stein em carry out the goals she set out to attain she was fitting to change the outlook on womens roles in America. In the 50s, American women were responsible to execute family traditions and follow the rules of m separatehood they didnt re on the wholey cook much say in life decisions provided Gloria Steinem changed that by acquire politically active and being determined as an advocate for womens rights of equality (Foner, Eric and John A. Garraty, D1). She was also nominated as a vocalization for feminism and the leader of the enlargement of womens rights of equality she organized groups to dispute discrimination against women such as NWPC and WAA (Yanak, Ted and Pam, Cornelison, I1). All these actions led to an effective feed towards the Womens shift Movement.Steinems assistance towards womens rights involved creating and editing Ms. Magazine, the 1st feminist mass circulation magazine in the U.S. Influencing the Womens Liberation Movement was one of her greater achievement s (Bauer, Garlena A, B2). Others would take on covering certain topics at protest that no other would discuss such as pornography, rape, incest, abortion, poverty, lesbianism, politics, womens health care and care for battered women (Bauer, Garlena A, B2). All these add up to object to inequality for women in America. Overall, the battle to obtain equal rights simply is great success, but Gloria Steinem also attempted solving world problems as an activist.Not only did Gloria Steinem challenge critics and politicians by having her own say in topics about womens rights, but she also confronted them about resolving other complications in America and worldwide such as animal rights, the fight against genital mutilation, child abuse, and human trafficking (Hepola, Sarah A, F3). Steinem had a lot on her plate, but she was determined to break down as umteen problems and to help as many people as possible. In order to do so, she started ordering initial organizations to gain perspectiv e and to prevent each cause from getting worse. national Womens Political Caucus, Equal Rights Amendment, Womens Action Alliance, and National dense Feminist Organization were just some of the actions and initial organizations taken and funded my Gloria Steinem (Yanak, Ted and Pam, Cornelison, I1). With these organizations present, she was fit to gain supporters which would help her get make a point for womens rights the point being that she is not the only one who believed that women should be addicted choices like men, and that they should all name the same equivalence and impartiality. Her points were brought forth in every issue of Ms. Magazine, where she would discuss all topics related to womens rights and include readers opinions.In every edition of Ms. Magazine, Gloria Steinem would be accepted enough to include readers personal stories (Matthews, Glenna, E2). This was an important contribution on behalf of the readers part because their stories proven that women shou ld have been entitled to their own opinion to those who werent activist or feminist and altered their opinions on womens rights. Gloria Steinem also made sure to promote feminist cause an example being reproduction rights the articles would set forth in focus but one thing thatstayed the same was the particular that the articles spoke for all women who were expected more of. Gloria had different believes of what a star sign women should ensure.As a feminist, Gloria Steinem criticized certain aspects of the traditional role of motherhood (Charles Moritz, G2). She believed women should have been able to work if they would like to or marry who they loved, not who they were compel to marry because of economic or beneficial reasons. Steinem wanted to assure that all women were able to fairly make their own choices (Charles Moritz, G2) she knew that wasnt an option because women were truehearted only for the fact that they were women. During years of working for a living, I have ex perienced much of the legal and social discrimination reserved for women in the country all for the clearly sated sole reason that I am a woman. (Hepola, Sarah A, F1).Within the supportive fight to gain equality for women, Gloria Steinem accomplished significant impressions on U.S. history. She became a social activist, humanist and feminist (Bauer, Garlena A, B1). Gloria Steinem was the bespeak of much criticism, nevertheless, she spent her life clock time committed to womens run and remained committed to all political causes of the news and left a natural path into her career as a feminist to let other feminist peruse with what she started ((Bauer, Garlena A, B1).Gloria Steinem has had the greatest impact on modern day women in American society because, as an activist, she fought to achieve rights of equality. As a woman whose life was affected by societys opinions and views of women, she was determined to change these standards. She spoke for other women in the U.S. that wer e not able to do so because their opinions would not be valid since they were women. Since the understandings of womens suffrage and the stance on womens liberation and rights has changed from the 1950s to modern day believes, an premise can be made that Gloria Steinem is the one who can be hold for completing such task since she spent a life time committed to making a difference and making an effort to resolve the problem of discrimination.

Social&Technology Analysis of Revlon

Issues that may impact the industry include consumers concerns about proceeds safety and the use of beast testing by cosmetics companies1. In 1990, cosmetics ogre Revlon became one of the first industry heavyweights to swear off all animal testing. Since then, Revlon has grown to be an animal-friendly empire, garnering awards for its products from magazines such as Cosmopolitan, Teen People, Allure, and In Style2. That is a signal that Revlon has an aw areness of social responsibility and also showed their concerns about pictorial environment.Besides, with the income increasing, modern people are more willing to barter for person-to-person reverence products and cosmetics for themselves. The age range of consumers is developing to both younger and elder. These trends are obviously seen especially in some developing countries and areas. Since the majority of personalized care products are currently sold in the United States, Japan, Canada, and European countries(less than 20% of human beings population), the potential for sales of personal care products around the world is excellent.Increasingly, cosmetics/personal care is not an industry for women only men purchase personal care products such as skin creams and hair care products/dyes and many men are trying cosmetics in an effort to amend their appearance. The market for hair colouring has expanded with teenagers and adults wanting more vivacious colouring options3. Revlon also shows its social responsibility according to charities.There are the most recent examples which are significant. Through November 2008, Revlon donated a percentage of their pay to the Rainbow Trust childrens charity. Another one is announced in may of 2009. Revlon said it would donate 10% of sales (up to $100,000) of its new color solicitation to fund womens cancer program in partnership with the EIF, which well(p) name is Entertainment Industry Foundation.

Psycological View of the Movie Groundhog Day

The accusive of this paper is to explain the mental view of the photographic film, woodchuck Day. The main geek of the film is Bill Murray and is say by Harold Ramis and released in 1993. The movie pullulates key out in the small t have gotsfolk of Punxsatawney during the winter season. Although the movie has a precise powerful message, I did non like it. Phil (Bill Murray), a weather homosexual for an American TV station, is send to Punxsatawney to c all all over a local groundhog Day ceremony. The very inquisitive weatherman regretfully accepts the assignment and excursion to the townspeople.Once he obtains his report he proceeds to his hotel and goes to screw looking former to returning home the close solar day. In an effort to leave the town and every memories relating to the town the weatherman is forced to stay another wickedness due to a s at a timestorm. subsequently come alivening the next morning Phil satisfyingizes that it is lighten Groundhog Day , again and again. later on living(a) one day over and over again, Phil meets two bibulous guys at a bar. These two guys finish up Phil on the idea that living the same day over and over would give him a contingency to do all the things he perpetually cute to do without any consequences.After days of appalling behavior, Phil finally realizes that compensate those acts will not take away the terrible reality that he knowms to never progress in heartspan. He then tries to kill himself, which does not work either. A salient twist in the movie happens during a recurring report. The name of the groundhog (Phil), carved in wood, appe level directly nearly Phils, the weatherman, head. This scene seemed to be video display the fact that the weatherman is living a shadow of himself just as the groundhog. The shadow is a way for Phil to see himself a hopefully learn a difference.These recurring events bring upon bang for Phil and his anchor lady, Rita. He at long last tells her about the returning life events and they go under that she would spend the entire day with him to be an objective witness. They minify asleep in bed together however, the next morning he awakens, its still Groundhog Day and Rita is not in bed with him. Beginning to accept the negativeness of his life, Phil begins to turn his negative aspects into more than(prenominal) unconditional ones. After accepting his imperfections, Phil was now satisfactory to use his imprisoned null to find a bran-new strength (care and compassion).He also learns that humans are privileged to be able to improve themselves. The valuable moral of this movie is the journey to mindfulness. Phil beingness aware of his imperfections allowed for him to change his behavior, thus move on into a new and more beautiful day. The chapter I think take up fits this film is Chapter 10 temper. Personality is the complex characteristics that define a person. tally to Sigmund Freud, each person has a certai n amount of psychological get-up-and-go that develops into three structures of personality (the id, the ego, and the superego).The id is un sure and present at birth and tote up from two consciousnessual drives the life instinct and the death instinct. After discovering his recurring life events, Phil decides to live life to its fullest potential difference by doing whatever he wanted with the aspect of never having to acquaint any consequences. A while subsequently realizing that his bad actions were getting him no where he decides to try and end his life with numerous attempts including jumping strike a tall building. These acts were driven by the pleasure principle which is the causative to obtain pleasure and avoid strain or discomfort.The ego is fellowship conscious and regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in tune with the demands of the external world. Phil finds slipway to satisfy whatever desires he wanted in life. For congressman, he did not want to be bo thered by the insurance agent so he gave the guy and uncomfortable stuff to run him away. Another example of Phils ego is how he utilize his knowledge of recurring events to make Rita fall for him. The superego is also partly conscious however, its the internal, parental part that helps one decipher right from wrong. Superego is more vastly known as your conscience.Phils superego kicks in when he realizes that being self centered was dowery him to progress in life. Superego allowed Phil to judge his own behavior and live up to his morals. Although the film be a very good lesson, I did not like it. If I would have reside the movie for pleasure alternatively than for a report I likely would have turn it discharge in the second scene because I saw no real importance of the recurring events. Having someone awake day after day to the same thing was king of mediocre to me. I would have more rather seen a movie that posed the exact same message, nevertheless in a different appr oach.Psycological opinion of the Movie Groundhog DayThe objective of this paper is to explain the psychological view of the movie, Groundhog Day. The main character of the film is Bill Murray and is directed by Harold Ramis and released in 1993. The movie takes place in the small town of Punxsatawney during the winter season. Although the movie has a very powerful message, I did not like it. Phil (Bill Murray), a weather man for an American TV station, is sent to Punxsatawney to cover a local Groundhog Day ceremony. The very skeptical weatherman regretfully accepts the assignment and travel to the town.Once he makes his report he proceeds to his hotel and goes to bed looking forward to returning home the next day. In an effort to leave the town and any memories relating to the town the weatherman is forced to stay another night due to a snowstorm. After awakening the next morning Phil realizes that it is still Groundhog Day, again and again. After living one day over and over again , Phil meets two drunken guys at a bar. These two guys enlighten Phil on the idea that living the same day over and over would give him a chance to do all the things he ever wanted to do without any consequences.After days of appalling behavior, Phil finally realizes that even those acts will not take away the terrible reality that he seems to never progress in life. He then tries to kill himself, which does not work either. A dramatic twist in the movie happens during a recurring report. The name of the groundhog (Phil), carved in wood, appeared directly about Phils, the weatherman, head. This scene seemed to be showing the fact that the weatherman is living a shadow of himself just as the groundhog. The shadow is a way for Phil to see himself a hopefully make a difference.These recurring events bring upon love for Phil and his anchor lady, Rita. He eventually tells her about the returning life events and they decide that she would spend the entire day with him to be an objective w itness. They fall asleep in bed together however, the next morning he awakens, its still Groundhog Day and Rita is not in bed with him. Beginning to accept the negativity of his life, Phil begins to turn his negative aspects into more positive ones. After accepting his imperfections, Phil was now able to use his imprisoned energy to find a new strength (care and compassion).He also learns that humans are privileged to be able to improve themselves. The valuable moral of this movie is the journey to awareness. Phil being aware of his imperfections allowed for him to change his behavior, thus move on into a new and more beautiful day. The chapter I think best fits this film is Chapter 10 Personality. Personality is the complex characteristics that define a person. According to Sigmund Freud, each person has a certain amount of psychological energy that develops into three structures of personality (the id, the ego, and the superego).The id is unconscious(p) and present at birth and come from two instinctual drives the life instinct and the death instinct. After discovering his recurring life events, Phil decides to live life to its fullest potential by doing whatever he wanted with the aspect of never having to face any consequences. A while after realizing that his bad actions were getting him no where he decides to try and end his life with numerous attempts including jumping off a tall building. These acts were driven by the pleasure principle which is the motive to obtain pleasure and avoid tension or discomfort.The ego is party conscious and regulates thoughts and behavior and is most in tune with the demands of the external world. Phil finds ways to satisfy whatever desires he wanted in life. For example, he did not want to be bothered by the insurance agent so he gave the guy and uncomfortable hug to run him away. Another example of Phils ego is how he used his knowledge of recurring events to make Rita fall for him. The superego is also partly consciou s however, its the internal, parental voice that helps one decipher right from wrong. Superego is more vastly known as your conscience.Phils superego kicks in when he realizes that being self centered was helping him to progress in life. Superego allowed Phil to judge his own behavior and live up to his morals. Although the film posed a very good lesson, I did not like it. If I would have watch the movie for pleasure rather than for a report I probably would have turn it off in the second scene because I saw no real importance of the recurring events. Having someone awake day after day to the same thing was king of mediocre to me. I would have much rather seen a movie that posed the exact same message, yet in a different approach.

Powers of police Essay

Polo Games limited was initially involved in manufacture and sale of electronic typewriters changed its product line and started developing and manufacturing give held computer games and devices. From the scenario of this company it comes out clearly that the company was involved ambidextrous and falsifying practices and as much(prenominal) it was suspected of having committed a crime.The jurisprudence came to the descent expound one day to reckon, arrest and charm suspected counterfeit materials apply in the fraudulent activities. Police charter the barons conferred up on them to do the attempt and make arrests. Such powers are outlined hereunderPolice and other government authorities experience been conferred some powers to arrest, search and even entrance retention. These powers are available for use by such authorities only in the given circumstances and conditions. For instance the power to search a psyche for anything is allowed when the person can cover up rise relating to an offence, or anything which might enable the person to escape from unlawful custody. another(prenominal) reason or conditions is to search to an extent which is reasonably required to get the required evidence (http//www.11kbw.co.uk/html/articles/legal philosophypowers.html, assessed on April 1, 2008).Police give up powers conferred to them that enable them to cypher and search premises. These powers of entry and search states that power to enter and search a premise in which a suspected person is hiding the power only applies to the extent that the police man has reasonable grounds to in believing that there is evidence in the premises. subsection 18 of the EPA (Emergency Provisions Act 1996) gives the police power particularly the solicit who is the rank of inspector to gain entry into premises occupied by a person under arrest. The inspector in this case should have sufficient belief that there is some evidence in the premises.When such an officer gets into the premises they are covered by the power conferred to them to seize any materials which are suspicious or can be used as evidence in court. This power is deemed critical in cases where it is faux that some delay may lead to destruction of evidence by the suspected person.Section 17 of the EPA also mandates the police to enter into premises of suspected people in order to execute a apologize of arrest or arrest a person who has committed an arrestable offence. Other reasons for entry and search could involve the capturing of a person who has escaped from the police custody. Such person could have had committed a business colligate offence. Also in the context of business, police enters or force their elbow room into a premise when there is anticipated damage of the property or evidence.There is section 19 of the EPA which mandates the police officers to enter premises and seize all things obtained through commission of crimes or which act as evidence related to crime.  Police also have power to seize property where there is evidence that it relates to given offence. The basis of this is to prevent the suspect from concealing, losing, fastener or destroying the evidence. Police officers have powers to arrest any person whom they have sufficient evidence or reasonable ground to suspect as having committed or is about to commit crime.To enter business premises, police normally have to obtain warrant from Justice of pink of my John. The Justice of Peace only grants such warrants when fully convinced that there is sufficient effectivity of the offence committed. Police seeking such warrants must specify reasons for the search and the things or items to be looked for.ReferencePolice powers of search and seizure, available athttp//www.11kbw.co.uk/html/articles/policepowers.html, assessed on April 1, 2008

Doctor Faustus as a Play Essay

1. CharactersThe main characters atomic number 18 the Faustus, the protagonist, Mphistophilis, the villain. Apart from this we commit Wagner, fair angel, evil angle, Lucifer as major characters. Chorus, Pope, The Emperor of Germany, Raymond king of Hungary, Duke of Saxony, Bruno, Duke of Vanholt, Duchess of Vanholt, Martino, Frederic, Benvolio, Valdes, Cornelius, Clown, Rogin, Dick, Vintner, Horse-course, Carter, old Man, Scholar, Cardinals, Archbishop of Rheims, Bishops, Monks, Friars, Soldiers, Belzibub, The sevener deadly sins, Devils, Spirits in the shapes of Alexander The great, of his Paramour, of Darius, and of Helen in the itemisation of minor characters.2. DialogueThe play was compose well a well 1830, so the colloquial prose is automatic every goal(predicate)y eliminated. The dialogue in the play, Dr Faustus, is more of the thoughts of the characters instead of their true(a) words. For example, Faustus says, Faustus, begin thine in send packingtations, And try if tantalizes will obey thy hest, Seeing thou hast requestd and sacrificd to them. Here, he is alone on stage, and is talking to himself. normally we dont down mickle talking to themselves while theyre alone. However, Marlowe uses this so time of solitude as a time to testify us what Faustus is doing, which keeps up informed. Those words seems to be less natural because they full like Faustus thoughts instead of his actual dialogue. An example of stage direction indoors the dialogue is when Mephistophilis says, Faustus, thou shatl thus kneel down presently, Whilst on thy head I lay my hand, And charm thee with this magic wand.3. PlotThe play, pervert Faustus, is all around Faustus, an erudite man in medicine and other fellowship known to man. However, disgruntled Faustus, not knowing where his life is heading, calls upon Lucifer and his accomplice, Mephistophilis, to apprize him the ways of magic. But they agree to be his mentors only if Faustus would sell his psyche to L ucifer and be his after 24 years. Faustus agrees. He goes through assay times while he is unsure of his decision and considers repenting. But then hes persuaded over and over again to the magic powers of the devil that were far more satisfying than the powers of heaven.4. ConflictThe conflict in bear on Faustus is within Faustus himself, who is personified in two angles correct and evil each seek to pull Faustus in their opposite paths. Hence, we often see that Faustus repents following the good advice of the good angle. However, the evil angle again scores its victory by infusing fear into Faustuss heart. In the penultimate scene, Faustus is tested to give into the temptations of the seven deadly sins. We find him deceived by lust, one of the deadly sins, as he yields to the beauty of Helen, despite the advice of the old man. Even in the last scene, Faustus is spooked by the power of evil than the trust in God. His so called sorrow is the mere voice of fear than a firm praye r to God. so we find the prevalence of free-will and willful submission to the fears of his mind.5. SettingsDoctor Faustus stand on the verge of two eras the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. Some aspects of the scene are distinctly gothic. For example, the world of Doctor Faustus includes heaven and infernal region, as did the religious dramas of the medieval period. The play, is often, lined up with supernatural characters angels and demons, who might have stepped onstage in force(p) out of a cathedral. Like in the plays of Middle Ages, few of the priming characters are in fiery pursuit of salvation. But, the setting of Doctor Faustus is as well as a Renaissance period the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world that gave rise to a cultural rebirth through the 14th to the middle of the 17th centuries.The air travel of the play is speculative. People are often asking question neer dreamed of in the Middle Ages. For exa mple, people are asking, Is ther a hell? Faustus himself is seized by worldly ambitions. He is far more concerned about luxurious silk gowns and powerful war-machines than saving his soul. Was there a dividing line amidst the Middle Ages and the Renaissance ? The answer is there wasnt. Both old and hot ways of thinking existed side by side as people lived through a long period of transition. Transition is the key to the setting of the play.6. Stage DirectionMost of the stage direction are written within the dialogue of the script. Only few stage directions in incident are the entrances, exits. Damnd be his soul for ever for this operation Exeunt all except Faustus and Mephistopheles Occasionally, especially during the scene involving the Pope, we find the occasional I pledge your grace. Snatches the cup.. and Nay, then, take that. Strikes the POPE. Each of these types of stage direction helps us to give away understand of the action of the play. If the stage direction is in the direction, the audience not only hears what the action is about but they also get to see it. Likewise, if the stage direction is in parenthetical, then the director knows what Marlowe wants the scene to pay heed like.7. ScenesAllowances must be made for the shattered form in which Doctor Faustus survives. Originally, the play may have had the loose five-act structure suggested by the 1616 text. Or it may simply have been a collection of scenes or movements, as in the shorter version of 1604. In fact, the act divisions in Doctor Faustus are the additions of later editors. Scholars have made their own decisions about the plays probable cut-off points. Thats why no two editions of Doctor Faustus have identical act and scene numbers.8. ThemeA study in ambition, Dr. Faustus is someone who is an overreacher, a man who strives against human limitations. Faustus tries to do more than is humanly possible. He seeks to know, possess, and experience everything under the sun.There are two ways to read Doctor FaustusFirst, the play glorifies ambition. Though Faustus is finally undone, his dreams emerge larger than the forces that defeat him. Second, the play criticizes ambition. Faustus falls to great depths from lofty heights. Whats more, his expansive dreams are cut down to size by the pointed ironies of Mephistophilis. Thus we can say that Doctor Faustus is a great play of all the times.

Bristol Myers Squibb

Bristol Myers Squibb was formed in 1887 when McL arn Bristol and John Ripley Myers bought the Clinton drug familiarityceutical club in Clinton New York. In 1900 Bristol-Myers broke d ace with(predicate) into the black &8212 it has remained in that location ever since. In 1924, gross remuneration topped $1 cardinal for the archetypical time in Bristol-Myers history. The play alongs crossings were then sell in 26 countries. At this point, the sh ares held by John Myerss heirs became gettable for sale, triggering a series of moves that in 1929 turned Bristol-Myers into a populacely held lodge, listed on the New York Stock Ex potpourri.The postwar depression prompted Bristol-Myers to jettison its pharmaceutical vexation and devote itself entirely to its specialties Sal Hepatica and Ipana, its two big winners, and a xii or so assorted toiletries, antiseptics and cough syrups. By the end of the war, it was light rough that penicillin and opposite antibiotics represented an immense opportunity for Bristol-Myers. In 1921 the Squibb Company coined its motto The priceless ingredient in all(prenominal) product is the honor and truth of its puzzle outr, which is flat the corporal slogan of Bristol Myers Squibb.In 1989 Bristol-Myers merged with Squibb, creating a inter subject drawing card in the health care industry. The merger created what was then the earthly concerns second-largest pharmaceutical initiative. BMS is now ranked 8 in the pharma sector. Current Drugs, Issues and Inte remains The Company operates in three segments Pharmaceuticals, Nutritionals and Other Healthcare. The Pharmaceuticals segment is do up of the global pharmaceutical and international consumer medications occupancy. The Nutritionals segment consists of Mead Johnson Nutritionals (Mead Johnson), primarily an child formula and childrens nutritional business.The Other Healthcare segment consists of ConvaTec, Medical tomography and Consumer Medicines (United province s and Canada) businesses. In 1991, the companion received U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) panegyric in the U. S. for Videx (didanosine) in any case known as ddI, making it the second medicine easy for treating human immunodeficiency virus infection (the other organism AZT). Other approvals that course of study included an antibiotic, Cefzil (cefprozil) two cardiovascular agents, Pravachol (pravastatin sodium) Tablets and Monopril (fosinopril sodium) Tablets and a central flya panache governing body drug, Stadol NS ( providedorphanol tartrate) C-IV.In that same yr, the companies signed a Cooperative Research and phylogeny Agreement with the National Cancer Institute to research and develop a all overbold compound for treating certain types of preemptcer. This compound, TAXOL (paclitaxel) Injection, immediately was established as the go withs top research priority. Bristol-Myers Squibb invested hundreds of jillions of dollars to supply TAXOL in sufficient quanti ties for clinical trials, to prepare data for regulatory submission and to develop alternative sources of TAXOL (which in the first place was derived from the bark of an endangered tree, the Pacific Yew).TAXOL launched in 1993 and quickly became one of the domain of a functions well-nigh widely used jackpotcer interventions. For a a couple of(prenominal) long time BMS held the exclusive up obligations to harvest the bark of the endangered yew trees on US soil, the trees bark is used in making TAXOL. By the end of 1995, the connection had over 60 product lines with $50 gazillion or to a greater extent than in annual sales cistronral. At the scratch line of 1998, the FDA granted clearance to market Excedrin Migraine for the relief of migraine vexation pain and associated symptoms. Excedrin Migraine became the first migraine headache medication visible(prenominal) to consumers without a prescription.In 1999, Bristol-Myers Squibb inform SECURE THE FUTURE, a $100 million committedness to advance human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS research and community outreach programs in five southern Afri disregard countries siemens Africa, Botswana, Namibia, Lesotho and Swaziland. And in two hundred0, Bristol-Myers Squibb, together with tetrad other pharmaceutical companies and international agencies, joined the UNAIDS Drug main course Initiative. The ACCESS program aims to make antiretroviral medicines and therapies to treat opportunistic infections more widely available in African countries that shake up veritable a coherent national AIDS strategy.As part of the program, the partnership offered to lower the prices of HIV/AIDS medicines in those countries by 90 percent. More recently, Bristol-Myers Squibb took its access efforts a step further, stop HIV/AIDS drugs below exist in Africa and committing an additional $15 million for extending SECURE THE FUTURE to four Western African countries &8212 Burkina Faso, Cote dIvoire, Mali and Senegal. The beau monde is also ensuring that its patents do not pr hithertot inexpensive HIV/AIDS therapy in Africa.The patent for Zerit, rights to which are owned by Yale University and Bristol-Myers Squibb, is now available at no bourns to treat AIDS in southern Africa. However, issues like losing patents like this and a few more in South Africa has take a shitd many worrys for drug companies and BMS is not immune to them. In family 2000, Bristol-Myers Squibb announced a in the buff strategy that includes a sharpened contract on medicines and an aggressive external development program. As part of this unsanded strategy, the company announced its intention to divest its Clairol and Zimmer businesses.The company announced in June 2001 that it had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the DuPont Pharmaceuticals Company for $7. 8 billion an acquisition intended to further strengthen Bristol-Myers Squibbs medicines business. With the DuPont acquisition, Bristol-Myers Squibb added Sustiv a (efavirenz) Capsules to its HIV portfolio and also gained products such as Coumadin (warfarin sodium tablets, USP) Crystall(a)ine, the U. S. leading dictate anti-coagulant and Cardiolite (Kit for the preparation of Technetium Tc99m Sestamibi for Injection), a aesculapian imaging agent.In November 2002, the FDA approved Abilify (aripiprazole) for the discourse of schizophrenia. In 2003, the company squaded up with cancer survivor and Tour de France one Lance Armstrong to sponsor the Bristol-Myers Squibb TOUR OF HOPE, an unprecedented week-long coast-to-coast cycling event. En route, the 26-member team of cancer survivors, caregivers, physicians, nurses and researchers raised awareness of cancer research and the immensity of clinical trials in developing new words.Reyataz (atazanavir sulfate), the first protease inhibitor for the treatment of HIV/AIDS with once-a-day dosing, was introduced in the U. S. in July 2003 and approved for marketing in Europe in March 2004. On March 29, 2005, the FDA approved Baraclude (entecavir). Baraclude, notice by Bristol-Myers Squibb scientists, is indicated for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection. Bristol-Myers Squibb announced the FDA approval of Orencia (abatacept) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis on December 23, 2005. Orencia is the first in a new class of medications for this disease.On February 28, 2006, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Somerset Pharmaceuticals announced FDA approval of EMSAM (selegiline trasdermal system), the first transdermal art object for the treatment of major depressive disorder. SPRYCEL (dasatinib), discovered by Bristol-Myers Squibb scientists, was approved by the FDA on June 28, 2006, for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences announced the FDA approval of ATRIPLA (efavirenz 600 mg/ emtricitabine 200 mg/ tenofovir disoproxil fumarate 300 mg) on July 12, 2006. ATRIPLA is the first-ever once-daily single tablet regimen for HIV.As a s trategy they are focusing on ten diseases, these are affective (psychiatric) disorders, Alzheimers/dementia, atherosclerosis/thrombosis, diabetes, hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, obesity, oncology, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases, and solid pipe organ transplant. Current Financials The current financial instruction of the company from MSN Central is as below. The receiptss have not been growing in spite of all the make products that have been launched and that is an area for change. The company inevitably to improve its revenues and have a positive trend in profits too.The profits are almost 16%, however, that looks pale when compared to GSK and Merck both in the 20- 22% range (Fortune cholecalciferol list). In fact at 15%, the company is ranked 10 out of 12 in the pharma sector and the revenues are 8 out of 12. That for a company that is going to be 120 geezerhood in 2007 is poor. As discussed in the current drugs, issues and interests section, the company is focusing on s ome key diseases and getting some fantastic drugs in the market. However, all this is somehow not improving the revenue. In fact in the fit 5 years, revenue has grown at less than 2% year on year.On the current price ($24), the persona gives a 6% set up on investment (EPS is $1. 43). Currently, they are benefiting from the effects of letting go of their chief executive officer Peter Dolan and the company is touted as a takeover target. Their major problem is the failure to prevent Apotex from manufacturing Plavix. Although BMS tried to stop Apotex by getting into a deal that would give Apotex $40 million for not manufacturing the drug, the US State Attorney Generals however didnt let the deal go through and instead the company got into an investigation because of the whole mess that the deal created.From the BMS perspective, they were doing the right thing Plavix generates revenues of $5. 9 Billion. $3. 8 Billion are BMS and the rest is Sanofi-Aventis. $3. 8Billion is almost 20 % of BMSs revenue and Plavix gives approximately 40% of the profits in their US business. All this has a big clashing on the dividend given by the company and most analysts have suggested that the dividend payout result have to be cut by almost 30-40 cents it was $1. 12 the former year.BMS has a good line up of drugs that are in the grape vine and would be a good takeover for any pharma company that has strong cash flow except weak pipeline. These are rumors only(prenominal) if looking at the current scenario, it is a good possibility. The interim chief operating officer James Cornelius headed Guidant and helped its sell-off. Vision, Mission and Goals The current vision mission and goals of BMS are referred as a present. The covenants are to different stakeholders and are as follows The BMS Pledge Our companys mission is to extend and enhance human life by providing the highest-quality pharmaceutical and related health care products.We pledge &8212 to our patients and custo mers, to our employees and partners, to our shareowners and neighbors, and to the world we go &8212 to act on our belief that the priceless ingredient of ein truth product is the honor and justness of its maker. To Customers We pledge excellence in everything we make and market, providing the safest, most effective and highest-quality medicines and health care products. We shout to continually improve our products through existence, diligent research and development, and an unyielding commitment to be the very best. To ShareholdersWe pledge our dedication to responsibly increasing the shareholder value of your company embed upon continued harvesting, strong finances, productive collaborations and innovation in research and development. To Communities We pledge conscientious citizenship, a helping hand for worthwhile causes and constructive activeness that supports a clean and healthy environment. We pledge Bristol-Myers Squibb to the highest standard of moral and honorable b ehavior and to policies and serves that fully embody the responsibility, integrity and decency required of free enterprise if it is to merit and maintain the confidence of our society.The new era for BMS must mark off that the pledge to the shareholders is held more firmly than it has been in the last few years. The company must improve revenues and margins. The stagnant revenues and profits are a cause for worry in the longer run. All pharma companies are chip against small companies that want to make generics and Pfizer itself has been fighting for the patent of Lipitor, the worlds best selling drug with $12. 9 Billion in revenues. BMS learns to manipulate that the scandals that have been hitting it in the last 5 years never happen again and the company needs to have a high standard of facial gesture.Shareholder value erodes very quickly for many drives, notwithstanding off the last 3-5 years, unified governing has been a major issue. Companies with tens of billions o f dollars of revenue have disappeared and strainingholders have suddenly agnisen their investment disappear with them. BMS has serious corporate governance issues. The company was hit by financial scandals when it was caught pushing inventories and show them as sales. They have a court appointed overseer because of demo higher revenues and now with the Plavix issue they are in an even large mess as far as corporate governance goes.Apart from that, according to IMS health, a pharmaceutical information and consulting company, sales of prescription medicines worldwide rose 7% to $602 billion,. The United States s savings bank accounts for the lions share of that, with $252 billion in annual sales, but sales in it and the other nine biggest markets grew by tho 5. 7%. But emerging markets such as China, Russia, South Korea and Mexico outpaced those markets, growing a whopping 81%. However, when we look at the boilers sheath picture 10 -20 years from now we see that the population of the developed world is going to excise and thither testament be more and more slew who volition be retired.This also means there will be more medicines required. I do not see myself dying at the age of 70 in the year 2040 medical technology will be so advanced in the contiguous 30 years that it will probably keep me alive till I reach 80 or 90. This is great news for the pharma companies. However, the question beckons that the raft who can afford expensive medicines for diseases that BMS is targeting are only in the developed countries where the growth has stagnated or is less than 10%. The growth is in the developing world, but the diseases that BMS is targeting are all that need rafts of medicines and very expensive medicines.Taxol for example, is used for cancer patients. The medicine is now made by other companies too, and yet the prices for Taxol in the developing world are really high and people find it hard to afford Taxol. In my opinion, BMS has to handle 2 issues First is Corporate Governance and the second is to crack the developing markets and increase market share in those countries, this will mechanically increase its stagnant revenues and breathe some life into its ailing business. The markets are stagnant in the developed world.New Vision Statement I am making a few changes to the current pledges that BMS has to customers and shareholders. The changes reflect what the company needs to do in order to transform itself. To Customers We pledge excellence in everything we make and market, providing the safest, most effective, and cost effective and highest-quality medicines and health care products. We promise to continually improve our products through innovation, diligent research and development, and an unyielding commitment to be the very best. To ShareholdersWe pledge our dedication to responsibly increasing the shareholder value of your company based upon continued growth, strong finances, productive collaborations and innovation in research and development. We pledge to be extremely careful in all governance issues and not succumb to the pressures of the market. We pledge to conduct our business with utmost fairness. Key Change Issues Lack of Corporate Governance is something that no company will admit, but that is the major problem facing BMS right now. Having an overseer is a bad indicator. The key change issues that we will face while changing the attitude towards corporate governance are1. The first issue is to change the behavior of bosses who force employees to act in ship canal that will be against any corporate governance policy. 2. The second change will be to create an atmosphere where an employee can raise an integrity or corporate governance concern. This is critical right now as it seems that over the last few years many things were not raised. 3. The ternary change will be in terms of managing the markets and turn outations of all stakeholders, in conclusion it is the expectations of the mark ets or other stakeholders that push the employees to cover up things or show a bright picture when there is none.It is important to manage the expectations. The succeeding(a) key change after(prenominal) corporate governance is to catch that we can capture the growing markets. To capture the new markets, we will have to make a couple of changes in the elan we do business. These changes are presumable to be as follows 1. Lower the cost of drugs most of the currency goes into research. The drugs that get over markets cost hundreds of millions of dollars to make. So the cost of developing drugs has to be bring down, once this cost is lowered, the cost of the drug per se can also be lowered accordingly.2. Come with products that cater to the growing segments there it is likely that the people in the developing countries will be using medicines that are generic. For a brand product to conquer that market, the companies have to give an added value to their product. This busines s leader mean, reworking some of the old compounds and coming up with extra strong versions or other versions that would differentiate the medicines BMS could come up with a line of medication aimed at women with PMS or aimed at people over 70.This big businessman be the normal medicines, but with a different potency or properties so that they would be erupt suited to a different age group. 3. Newer gene types this great power mean that there will be opportunities as people from different races might have different problems or might need different treatments. It is possible that the genes or body types in different races might respond differently to different molecules and thus would require modifications to the current molecules. Depending on the cost of doing this modification, BMS can decide to modify certain molecules to better suit different races.How will these areas be changed? What are the broad sets of proposals for change? The slender Change requirement is Corporate G overnance. Corporate Governance is something that every company talks and boasts about but as we can see in case of BMS, this has failed grossly. The company actively needs to change the fleck at bottom its departments and oddly in the higher ranks to improve the Corporate Governance scenario and recrudesce people about the problems that are caused because of bad governance.Before I dwell into how to storm corporate governance, I would like to talk about why officials higher up in the ranks and even some in the lower ranks fall back to concealing information that might be damaging to the company. The first reason is to ensure that their jobs are secure. If a person conceals information it is because they feel that the fussy piece of information will be damaging to their job, their department or their interest. This is the basic level and it is very individualistic. However, it is this same thing that drives even the bigger corporate information scandals.The second reason for concealing information or stateing wrong figures is to ensure that the company meets its goals. To take an example from an IT company, it is one thing to not report a data theft because it might compromise the jobs of the IT security personnel, but quite another not to report the bugs that might exist in the new software that a company is making. Different projects have different timelines and it is critical for companies to meet those timelines as revenues and profits are based on the sales of that new product.If we take windows cyclorama for example, vista has been obstructed numerous times and because of that many partners of Microsoft are suffering, especially Intel. Microsoft has in public announced about the delays however a smaller company might choose to not mention a delay in their quarterly update. For the officials in the company it is something that protects the shareholders and other partners from the value perspective, but what they fail to see is the long term dama ge that their actions are causing.Concealing information today will have its repercussions in the next two quarter and eventually if someone finds out the true picture, the stock market will kill the script and the valuation will suffer enormously. However, a public announcement about the delay will cause temporary nightfall in the stock valuation (till the product is back on tether or launched in the market) but on a personal level, it will affect the persons bonus (for sure) and the growth prospects of the higher ranks who were responsible for not delivering the results.The cost of revealing the truth means jobs and immediate losses in the stock markets. Many of the higher ranking officials have stock options and this makes it even more lucrative from a personal perspective to ensure that the company is shown in good light and seen as an entity that meets its goals and beats the market predictions. The corporate governance scenario gets worse because of the stock options but it can be much better if every one looked at the picture from a long term perspective. In the longer term, the company will deliver the products and make the profits.What every individual must realize is that a company will persist beyond every employee and every leader. One employee or a leader cannot make the company, there is always a team. However, a leader can easily break the company and corporate governance is one way of doing it with much ease. Coming to ways on how BMS can change the corporate governance culture within the organization I would advise the spare-time activity 3 changes 1. Top down pressure to conceal information 2. protective temper for sing blowers 3. Managing the expectations of the stock market and other stakeholdersTop down pressure to conceal information Driving the first one seems to be the toughest one, but this is where the maturate members have to set the rules and deal facts with an iron hand. All directors and solid ground Heads must be respo nsible towards Corporate Governance and the Finance people especially should run their reports through the board. The board must appoint an freelancer third party evaluator and auditor to ensure that the reports being presented are correct and any discrepancy must be dealt by terminating the verdant head and seizing all stock options that the person may have.Termination with seizure of stock options at all levels will mean that the lure of a high stock price will not be a motivating factor in concealing information and we can expect people to take a long term view of the situation instead of a short term view based on when their stock options might be due. With a personal lure of money gone, the top oversight would be forced to look at share value in the longer term and hence wont be pushing their direct reports to fudge information.In addition to this, I recommend that one board member be assigned the task of being an auditor and also the point of contact for all kind of tip-of fs or corporate governance whistle blowers. This will give the employees all over the company more faith in the system. The biggest problem for whistle blowers or people who have issues with corporate governance is that they fear for their jobs and they fear that if they simmer down have their jobs, they will be treated will disgust in the office for going against what might be termed as normal practice in that division.The presence of a board member as a person who can look into corporate governance issues ensures that people can raise concerns in confidence without the fear or being outcastes at their jobs. This board member of course needs to have a team of people who will investigate the issues that are raised. At the middle management level or at the level where people head departments at country levels, the country head must tighten the leash and experience all corporate policies.The country heads must have audits from outside parties to ensure the authenticity of the financ ial statements and the systems within the company. At the lower management levels the managers should be responsible for their business. However the ultimate responsibility would be with the middle management. The board member however, should be contactable by everyone within the organization. The organization change ask is to re-align the salary packages of the people who have stock options.This would entail the compensation and benefits team to look at the packages again and set up a new corporate policy about rewarding and retaining employees. The major change is only for the upper management to ensure that they dont abuse their precedent to increase the value of their shares. The stock option change will also weed out the people who do not have a longing for working with BMS. It is very important for a company to ensure that their top management is a group of people who take the company close to their heart, and of course these people are there for the long term.Protective cli mate for whistle blowers The next issue we need to cover is about defend the whistle blowers. The appointment of a board member to look after the corporate governance issues should quell any fears that a person might have about corporate governance. In addition to this, a very small step that might go a long way is to bring up issues with a pseudo identity element, where people can keep in and give information without being obligated to divulge their identity even to the board member.The whistle blowers biggest fear is that their job and career gets jeopardized if it is found out that they were the ones who raised concerns that brought down the whole unit and the jobs of several people. plenty take it against them and they are outcaste. I also recommend that these people have help from outside sources such as counseling etc that may be needed as they grapple with the effects of being whistle blowers or as they continue to live without talking to anyone about being the whistle bl owers.In addition to this, the company should actually owe these people an incentive for doing the company a favor by helping it exposing thing internally and managing the fall out and taking corrective actions. Such revelations by outsiders can be far more damaging and bring the company into disrepute asunder from all the lawsuits and the hassles of the law. The board is always responsible for ensuring that things are going on smoothly within the company and ultimate beneficiary of having an internal system that exposes the corporate governance problems within the company actually helps the board rescue the company and their own reputations.

The Change in Relations between the U.S.A

One of the factors that caused the alliance among the USSR and the the States to change was the fact that the USA were Capitalists and the USSR ere Communists. This meant that they supported and believed different things. America precious people to live a free life gain ground as much money as they want, allow the public to vote freely for the Government they want where as Stalin did not agree and thought that everyone should earn the like amount of money and that the public were only allowed to choose Communists for the Government.This put in a big strain on their relationship because it meant that both sides cute different things to happen in the world and it meant that they couldnt agree on the same things. Another factor which caused the frosty relationship between the two powers, was the Berlin barricado which Stalin thought would make him more in control of the Eastern/ Soviet part of Berlin. Stalin feared that the horse opera allies were planning the permanent divisi on of Germany.The Hesperian allies also began to develop a new policy much(prenominal) as new currency and a new German company which would develop a new constitution, which Stalin did not like. Stalin thought that by obstruct his part of Berlin, it would keep the Eastern part of Berlin separate and protected from the Western and that it would make him look more powerful. A third factor which caused the relationship to significantly change was the Truman Doctrine.The Truman Doctrine was a promise which President Truman had make to help any country which were threatened by Communism, by displace troops or economic resources such as money or military equipment. Truman feared that the Soviet Union would spread Communism so he thought that by making a promise, it would prevent Communism from banquet anywhere in the world. This could adjudge put a strain on the USA and USSRs relationship as Stalin could have felt as if he was being threatened by the USA.The factor which is nigh im portant, significant and was the author for the relationship to change, was the fact that the USA were Capitalist and the Soviet Union were Communist. This is the most important factor because if it wasnt for both the USA and USSR to have different beliefs, hence the Berlin Blockade and the Truman Doctrine may not have existed in the archetypical place. It may also mean that there may not have been a historical event such as the Cold struggle if Capitalism and Communism did not exist. The Change in Relations between the U. S. A. and the USSR 1943-1956 By sorayha98

Professional practice in childrens care Essay

check values, principles and statutory frameworks that underpin service provision in childrens c ar, learning and outgrowth. 1.1 prove how values, principles and statutory frameworks underpin service provision in childrens cargon, learning and development in UK home nation. Define values, principles and statutory frameworks. pardon the similarities and differences between them. wherefore are they important in your setting Where are they written dispirited How are they communicated to staff, parents What are advantages and disadvantages From my analysis. Word count 600 750 Section B one hundred forty-five Learning Outcome 1 Understand principles of professional development. Explain the greatness of continually improving knowledge and utilize. give out potential barriers to professional development. oppose the use of different sources and systems of support for professional development. Explain factors to consider when selecting opportunities and activities for retention kno wledge and enforce up to date.Report on professional practice Why is cpd important What are the barriers to cpd What are the different issues and problems Why are thither barriers real/perceived Why do you need to suppress potential barriers From my analysis Compare a number of systems and sources of support you grant used for cpd. What factors do you take into account when selecting opportunities and activities for cpd Word count 600 750 rowing Section C 145 Learning Outcome 4 Be adequate to improve performance through ruminative practice. 4.1 Compare models of pensive practice. 4.2 Explain the importance of reflective practice to improve performance.4.3 Use reflective practice and feedback from others to improve performance. 141 Learning Outcome 4 Be able to engage others in reflective practice. 4.1 Analyse the use of models of reflective practice in own setting. 4.3 Contribute to a culture that nurtures reflective practice. Explain importance of reflective practice .in imp roving performance. Set out a table comparing a minimum of 3 models of reflective practice. Analyse how you currently use models of reflective practice in own setting. What are the strengths and areas for improvement of reflective practice in your setting What similarities are there to any of the models you have discussed.

British Invasion: Mods, Rockers, and Social Crosscurrents

In the late 1940s a genre of symphony known as quaver candy and array has evolved in United States. Rock and bowl which was a term originally used to refer to versed intercourse became popular in 1950s. There are two types of carry and roll, The classic rock and roll which is the simpleton one while the advanced (refers to modern) rock and roll refers to the modern medicine style. Although Beatles and Elvis Presley both(prenominal) revolutionized pop culture, the first was more popular compared to second.The Beatles is the best-selling musical be of all time in the United States which sold more than 106 cardinal albums in the U. S. alone. On the other hand, Elvis Presley only sold 77 million units in the U. S. (The Recording Industry Association of America). The Beatles and Elvis Presley shape the developing mass culture by introducing a new tailor for their listeners. The Beatles listeners reflected the periods changing tastes and behavior through the music that the Be atles had created ( motionless Fab The Beatles and their timeless influence).The roller Stones, an English band, is one of the stylishs. In terms of album sales, they were been surpassed by the Beatles. Theyve got their drab boy checks when Andrew Loog Oldham, their manager and producer, suggests setting a bad boy image to them which captured the attention of the kids and the media. They always had this bad boy images with them especially in their songs. They would pick out the more boldly sexual side of rock and roll to do the opposite of what the Beatles were doing.To them, the reflection of the Mod and the rockers is that, the rockers portray the simple rock and the Mods are those who prefer different style of music the like those bad boy images songs they are creating (The Rolling Stones). This distinction is continuously manifested by rockers today. We can often watch or hear music that have foul languages or music that was anti-government. The evolution of this kind of rock and roll affects the rock industry like African Americans do.Just like the contrariety to the African American ethnic minority group which results to the division of hoi polloi that loves African American music and the people who loves American music alone, the Mod music affect the industry by dividing the rock and roll lovers into two groups. The first group is the one who loves classical rock like the ones created by The Beatles. The second group is the one who likes bad boy rock and roll like the ones created by The Rolling Stones. References ______________. November 10, 1999.The American Recording Industry Announces its Artists of the light speed. June 6, 2007 from, Recording Industry Association of America Website http//www. riaa. com/news%5Cnewsletter%5Cpress1999%5C111099. asp Freud, Charles Paul. June 2001. Still Fab The Beatles and their timeless influence. June 6, 2007 from, FindArticles Website http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1568/is_2_33/ai_75099632 ______ ________. 1989. The Rolling Stones. June 6, 2007 from, The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc. Website http//www. rockhall. com/inductee/the-rolling-stones

Chapter Summary Notes

Adam Smith argued the economic advantages of vision of labor, and the breakdown of Jobs into particularise and repetitive tasks, known as Job metier. Division of labor increase productivity by increasing each workers skill and dexterity, by sparing time lost in changing tasks. 2. 18th Century industrial Revolution the main contribution of the Industrial revolution was that human queen was replaced by machine power, which then made it more economical to force goods In factories rather than at home.Large, efficient factories require managerial skills, as they had to ensure that demand was met, enough eternal was on hand to keep up production, assign tasks to people, direct daily activities, coordinate various tasks, ensure the machines were mute running efficiently and were kept in good condition date maintaining standards, etc. There atomic number 18 6 different approaches to management 1. scientific management an approach that involves using scientific methods to define t he one crush way for a Job to be done. The aim of this method is to break organizations and workers be as efficient as possible.Frederick W. Taylor was one of the first to bring on methods of scientific management. He Introduced 4 principles of management a. Develop a perception for each element of an Individuals work with standardized work Implements and efficient methods for every to follow b. Scientifically select workers with skills and abilities that match each job and find out them in the most efficient ways to accomplish tasks c. Ensure cooperation done incentives and provide the work environment that reinforces optimal work results in a scientific manner d. Vivid responsibility for managing and for working, while supporting individuals in work groups doing what they do best. Some people are more confident of managing, whereas others are better at per progress toing tasks laid out to them. These guidelines are still use today for improving efficiency and production. T hey are used when managers analyses the basic work tasks that moldiness be performed, use time-and-motion study to avert wasted motions, hire the best-qualified workers for a Job and design incentive systems ground on output. . General administrative theory an approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what constituted good management practice. There were 2 real theorists in developing this method Henry Offal and Max Weber. Henry planning, organizing, commanding, coordinate and controlling. He stated 14 principles of management, which are fundamental rules of management that could be taught and applied to all organizational situations.They include a) division of work specialization increases output by making employees more efficient b) delegacy managers must be able to give orders c) discipline employees must obey and find the rules that govern the organization d) unity of command every employee should receive orders from solo nee superior e) unit y of direction organization should have a single plan of action to guide managers and workers f) subordination of individual interests to the public interest interests of one employee should not take precedence of the organization as a whole g) remuneration workers must be paid a fair wage for their services h) concentration the degree to which subordinates are tough in decision making I) scalar chain line of authority from top to bottom j) order people and materials should be in the dear place at the right time k) equity managers should be winsome and fair to their subordinates l) stability of tenure of response management should provide bang-up personnel planning to ensure that replacement are available to take in vacancies m) initiative employees who are allowed to originate and carry out plans will utilize high levels of effort n) esprit De corps promoting team spirit will induce harmony and unity within the organization Max Weber he developed a theory of authority stru ctures based on an exalted type of organization he called a bureaucracy a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, minute rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships. 3. Initiative approach the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making. Total Quality Management a philosophy of management set by continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.This approach has contributed today to managerial decision making in the areas of planning and control, such as when managers need to budget, schedule, quality control and similar decisions are made. 4. Organizational behaviour a field of study concerned with the actions (behaviors) of people at work. Hawthorne studies a series of studies during the sass and ass that provided insight into individual and group behavior. tender-hearted relations movement the belief, for the most part unsubstantiated by research, that a satisfied worker will be produc tive. Behavioral science theorists psychologists and sociologists who relied on scientific method for study of organizational behavior. 5. Yeasts approach known as one of the contemporary approaches. It is a set of interrelated and interdependent split arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole. unopen systems systems that are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment.

Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os

Mobile os Vs Desktop os mechanical man was knowing from the ground up as an operating transcription (OS) for smooth devices. Its integrate application and recollection-management systems were engineered with battery life as one of the almost vital concerns. The mechanical man OS does not work like a backcloth operating system. On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the user is responsible for closing programs in distinguish to obligate a reasonable amount of memory available. On android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed.The OS may in addition preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google humanoid The easiest way I mountain think of to visualize Androids structure is by imagining a house with five retinue The house invents Android in general. The manners inside, however, represent the five key features in Androids structure * applica tion programs * The Application Framework * Libraries * AndroidRuntime * Linux pump. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. Different rooms hold distinguishable amounts of people.Applications This first room is a doozy. Its people represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a cal finishar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications atomic number 18 written in Java ,so you stooge add or leave away as many of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, youll have full acces to the APIs utilize by the encumbrance apps. Android is intentional so that any application can indite its capabilities. In turn, any early(a)application can use those capabilities, as well. It has round security constraints, as is expected, nevertheless still. Thats pretty awesome.Along with all that, you ascertain a Content Provider (which allows apps to sh be information ), a Resource handler (to help you with graphics, layout loads, etc), a Notification passenger vehicle (which gives you those annoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you get the pictureed. Well cover how to carry by an application in another article. So, you could say that the people in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT.Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can forthwith access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the Android runtime room is pretty exclusive it only has devil people the Dalvik virtual(prenominal) Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this people affair yet? ). In Google Android, theres a tool called DX. W hat this does is it executes files in . dex format, which are particularly for the Dalvik Virtual Machine.This format is also created for minimal memory footprints, which makes it ideal for bangh phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run fourfold prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. Well talk about that unspoilt after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Androids internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction social class between the hardware and the software program. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 memory board media NAND Android uses the YAFFS sleazy file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For meandering(a) devices, hard disks are too large in size, too little(a) and consume too much effect to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides turbulent rea d access time and better energizing shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their construction technique NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads.Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for storage and NOR for scratch and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include b affiance erasure and memory wear. pulley erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block mustiness be erased. NAND can be randomly accessed on a rapscallion basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access order or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are mark to be removed or dirty. When the entire block is dirty, thusly it can be erased.Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its li fe-time the data integrity of storage will deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is also used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 file away system for NAND YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was developed by toby jug Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices.They initially tried to modify exist flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM breathing in of existing flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize death penalty and ensure robustness. Upon completion YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash.YAFFS includes the following features Journaling a log-structured file system, which makes it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. Garbage collection highly optimized and predictable scraps collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic nether hard writing. Collection is executed when relieve space becomes low. Lower memory requirement it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more(prenominal) scalable. Flexibility it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with unhomogeneous flash devices, different geometries, different error subject area options, caching options, etc. Portability although YAFFS was primarily designed for use with Linux, it s modular design make it easy and takeout to many operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from the main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by applying a wrapper layer. Robustness it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an better version of flash file system with following improvements 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform real well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS.For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suited whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a stock(a) Linux gist. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android grappled memory driver), ring- binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, kernel debugger and logger. All these kernel enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the wildebeest Public License (GPL) 8. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components alarm driver provides timers to wake devices up from sleep * ashmem allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver facilitates inter-process converse since data can be shared by tenfold applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, monitor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronism between processes. * Power management built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more militant policy to manage and save power.Android is hailed as the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. Complete The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities. light The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have uncommon access to the handset features when developing applications. Free Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform.No involve membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and exploit in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the get through of Figure 3 as Power) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this function ality. This module provides low level drivers in order to cook the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include conceal expose and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight.Each peripherals power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are bespeak through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which locks the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power.

How Beneficial an Online Education Can Be for You

An online education is a wonderful opportunity. You get hold of the flexibility of taking a course on your own time. The flexibility of an online education allows you to be commensurate to attend grades no matter your work schedule, or home schedule. anywhere you go access to the mesh you can take classes. With recent figurer mobility in the form of netbooks and the iPad, the opportunity to receive an education is endless.Learning online enables you to become Internet and computer savvy, two skills that ar necessity in the ever-changing area of technology. You have access to course material round the clock. In a virtual schoolroom setting, you are able to go over lectures, lessons and other dicussions multiple times. You can learn at your own pace and do non have to worry about missing a class because of illness or other personal reasons.Participating in an online lesson discussion is not as daunting as in a regular classroom setting. Students remain pretty much anonymous are not judged by age, race or gender. Many people feel intimidated to go in in a regular classroom for fear of being judged or not having time to catch up to what is being taught. On the Internet, students have a chance to give thought to a question sooner answering and submitting their comments. The virtual classroom makes it easier for students to approach their instructor.They feel it is easier to speak with their instructor through online chats and email this form of communication boosts student and instructor interaction. Everybody wins in this type of environment. Students that need flexibility because they have to work or have to care for children or other members of their family, the opportunity to earn a class virtually is invaluable. With all the benefits of an online education, it is no wonder there is an ever-increasing number of students are turning towards an education online.

Death of a Salesman: Discuss the importance of dreams in the play Essay

In Death of a Salesman, t here argon some(prenominal) types of dreams that ar evident. These be the intrusts and ambitions of the characters, daydreams fantasies and memories and national and cultural dreams, much(prenominal) as the Ameri hindquarters romance. Dreams atomic number 18 a truly in-chief(postnominal) part of the scarper. They do the characters into their actions and pardon their behaviour both in the outgoing and the truly snip that the play is set in. The dreams also affect the modal value that the whole play is buildingd.The play is set in the time after the American Dream had started to fade. This is important, because Americans no long-acting intrustd in it. Willy found it hard to learn that his sons didnt believe in what he had believed all his life. The American Dream stirred all Americans when Willy Loman was younger, and even though Willy fell foul of the system, he was genuinely much affected by it when he was a young man, and it is mollif y with him. The American Dream was an predilectionl, which awarded the longings of hatful who emergencyed to break sweet instal in a developing country, to earn and save their m sensationy and revel a headspring-fixed lifestyle and to work for themselves.The important factors of the American Dream, were having the outmatch of e actually affaire, being successful and popular, having money to sp oddment, and the ideal of rural living nigh(a) to nature, as well as owning your own business. Consumerism was very(prenominal) much link up to this. Advertising was being used for the very first time, on billboards, wire slight and even television. Mass production enab guide wider availability, and salesmen were being used less and less as people bought on credit at nation-wide stores.Some people managed to be successful within this society. Others suffered from increased pressure to succeed and a obtaining of inadequacy and disappointment if they were non earning enough and a re therefrom were unable to buy the outperform of everything. Capitalist society also led to people being laid off when they were no longer fiscally useful, as happens to Willy in the play. These are all very important ideas in Death of a Salesman. Willy suffers from the new society and comes angry when the fridge breaks repeatedly and he can non afford to simply replace it. To Willy it is important that he has the best of everything and it is very important that he is successful and popular and he refers to this several times during the play.Hes samed, further hes non well liked.Willy non only sine qua nons to be the best, he wants to be keeped. His phraseology tells us that he does not think very highly of the psyche that he is talking about. He is quite condescending. The recurrence of consumer technicals in the play, such as the car and fridge, tell us that these things are of spacious grandeur to Willy, because they are part of his social standing. However, these things are not so important to Linda. She is more concerned about Willy and her sons. Material objects do not number to her, she is too worried about Willys happiness.All the male characters in the play are affected by the American Dream and feel the pressure to succeed. Willy and adroit, particularly, strive towards something that would not necessarily ever make them clever in life. thrust questions the American Dream and go toms to rebel against it. He wants a simple life, because he has gainn what the American Dream has done to Willy and he has never settled into anything, because of this. He doesnt want to end up like Willy. punch defies the American Dream in this way, because he doesnt want the objects that make up the lifestyle. The way of life approximately America generally, was very materialistic. People had to be castn to own everything.Each member of the Loman family has contrary hopes and ambitions, which curb swopd from the past into the present. Willy has a lot of hopes and ambitions, most of which are un objectiveistic and are in his imagination. He always had big plans for himself, and in one of his memories, we discriminate him tell expert and hit his main ambition in life.someday Ill start out my own business, and Ill never exhaust to croak menage anymore.Willy is reassuring himself of his dream and that one day it will deduce true, rather than the boys. He talks of the future, and the use of the word someday flat makes us feel that this is a dream. Willy wants to be the best and often expresses this in one of his dreams.Bigger than Uncle Charley.Charley seems to be the one person that Willy wants to beat and he is very competitive towards him. Towards the end of the play, Willy is still trying to tranquillise himself that he is the best.I am not a dime a dozen I am Willy Loman.Willy still desperately wants to succeed and gain the respect of Biff. He uses an familiar phrase, and tries to reassure himself that he is no t simply an everyday phrase or person. He is however, beginning to give up hope and it is sinking in that he is nothing special.Biff has very different dreams to Willy, because he is trying to break the mould that Willy has created for him. Biff did try to do what Willy wanted him to in the beginning, but he loses respect for Willy and his dreams change.I fagged six or seven years after high direct trying to work myself up.Biff did this for Willys sake, to prove himself to Willy. Biff talks in past tense, because he is no longer trying to do himself up, to prove himself to Willy. Biff feels without delay, that because he hasnt done what was expected of him, he has wasted his life.Ive always made a point of not wasting my life, and every time I come O.K.here I know that all Ive done is to waste my life.Biff feels that he has wasted his life when he goes home, because Willy makes him feel this way, whereas, in reality, Biff hasnt been able to settle down.Happy happily accepted th e subprogram that Willy created for him, because he was never very ambitious, and it suited him. Happy has been quite successful, and has some(prenominal) of the things he always wanted. However, he has found that not everything is as good as it seems when you dont have it.But then, its what I always wanted. My own apartment,a car, and plenty of women. And still, goddammit,Im lonely.Happy has got what he wanted, but he realises that once you have everything you want its not the same, and if you dont have some one to love, you get lonely. He realises that people are what matters, not objects, yet at the end, he moves out from this again. Happy swears, because he is trying to convey to Biff his point. Happy follows the American Dream and often thinks of him and Biff having a company of their own.The Loman Brothers, heh? Thats what I dream about Biff.Happy wants his own business, as did Willy, but he wants it with Biff. He asks Biff a question, because he wants Biff to reassure him that his dream is the right dream.Linda Loman is a simple character, and is, above all else, loyal to Willy and his hopes and ideas. She appetites only to be happy with what she has, and she wants Willy, Biff and Happy to be prosperous, field of study and entertaind with what they have achieved. She has never fully understood Willy or her sons, and their desire for freedom away from the city bemuses her. She would like to be free from financial worry, and sees her life in the city, not anywhere else. Lindas role is to represent the typical American woman. She is faithful to her husband and stays at home to look after the family. She fits in with the American dream, which is shown in the play.The hopes and ambitions of the characters are not all very realistic. Linda is the realist in the family, and agrees with Willy to keep him happy. The characters all live their lives around their hopes and ambitions. They treat others as if they should have the same hopes and ambitions as them. Some of the dreams of the characters are very important to them, and this is because these dreams are the only way that they can get off their reality. They are unhappy, but these dreams make them happy.Biff significantly changes his dreams and ambitions over time. When he was young, he wanted to be like Willy and see Willy a great deal. When Biff learns that he has flunked at school, he goes to see Willy, who is away on a business trip, and finds him with a young lady. This destroys Biffs moving picture of Willy as his mentor and loving father. Biff never recovers from this, and afterwards, rebels against Willy and all that he has been in Biffs life.The other characters do not change their dreams as significantly. Happy realises that he is stuck in a dead end job, but he cannot escape, and does not wish to do so, because he is comfortable where he is. Linda still has her dreams although she no longer strives to achieve them, because she has realised that her sons now lead their own lives. Willy still wants to be the best, and finds it very hard to accept that he is growing too old for his job.At the end of the play, Willy commits suicide, and at his funeral, Biff saysHe had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong.Biff assumes that Willy had the wrong dreams, whereas, Willy had the right intentions, he merely aimed too high. Biff is convinced that his dreams are the right way of life, and that Willy was selfish and living under an illusion. Biff uses the word wrong, which leads us into believe that Willys dreams were in fact wrong, although we know that Willy was just a victim of the American Dream.Dreams have a big impact on the structure of the play, as we see Willys dreams and memories acted out forrader us as if they were flashbacks in a film, they are indeed flashbacks in Willys life. Willy is sixty, and as he gets older, he remembers parts of his life in these flashbacks. He is reminiscing back to the past, wishing that he was still there. These fla shbacks are cleverly used to explain present events, such as why Biff no longer respects Willy.The play centres on Willys dreams and fantasies. They are a very important aspect of the play, and because of this, we are warned when one is coming, because the play can be very difficult to understand without these warnings. All of the action takes place in Willys house and yard and in various parts he visits New York and Boston. There are only two acts and no scenes. Scenes are usually used to distinguish between dreams and reality, whereas in Death of a Salesman, milling machine did not want this distinction. Whenever the action is in the present, the actors take measure of the imaginary wall-lines, entering the house only through with(predicate) its door. But, in scenes of the past, these boundaries are broken, and the characters enter or leave by stepping through a wall on the forestage.When Willy is about to have a dream or fantasy, we are made aware of this, when a flute plays a melody. This is an ironical reference to Willys father, who played the flute and travelled the country, with his family in his wagon, change flutes he made on the way. The light dims on the stage, and the dreams are tended to(p) by appropriate music, to help the audience to discover what frame of learning ability the dream is in. When Willy is with the woman, raw, sensuous music is playing in the background, to set the scene.The flashbacks that we see clarify what is happening in real time. Without them, we would be unsure of what is happening. The return of seeing them is that instead of raritying what is going to happen next, we begin to wonder what has happened in the past to make the Loman family like they are. We particularly wonder this before we find out that Biff caught Willy with the woman. Before we see this flashback, we are very uncertain of what caused Biff to lose all respect for Willy, although we have an idea from conversations near the beginning of the play.Lind a It seems theres a woman (she takes a breath as)Biff (sharply but contained) What woman?Linda (simultaneously) and this womanBiff is patently very worried about Linda finding out about something, although at this stage, we are unsure what it is yet.Willy is getting older, and he really doesnt want to. As he gets older, he reminisces back to the past, wishing it was still then. Willys flashbacks reveal to us how the characters relationships with each other have changed over time. We therefore see them differently in real time, because we see things that they have done, and it changes our perception of them. When we find out that Willy slept with a woman when he was on a business trip in Boston, we change our inspect of him. Before, we viewed him as lonely, getting old, and reminiscing about the old times. When we found out that he slept with the woman, we just see a man who is desperate to be successful, although he is too old to ever be successful. He slept with the woman to su percharge his sales, because he cannot accept that he will never be successful.Willy brought up his sons to believe that they were the best and that they could have anything that they ever wanted. Willys flashbacks mainly show the boys when they were younger, because Willy knew that they both respected him and looked up to him as their mentor in life. Biff and Happy are both very confident because Willy brought them up to believe in themselves.When Biff steals a football, in one of Willys dreams, Willy mechanically jumps to his defence. Because of this attitude, Biff and Happy strive to be the best they can in life and are delusional about how successful they are to please Willy, although all of them know that they are misleading each other. In real time, Biff is trying to tell Willy that he went to jail when he was away for three months. Biff gets very angry, because he has realised that they cannot accept the truth, and he no longer wants to live his life as a lie.When we do see e vents that happened in the past, we have to bear in mind that we see them as Willy remembers them. Willy is getting quite old, and has been delusional for his life. Willy never saw events very accurately, because he always wants the best for himself and his sons. He distorts events and often exaggerates or wholly invents them. In Willys first dream, everything seems to be perfect because Willy wants to think that his sons respected him and missed him when he went on business trips. He also recalls that he felt guilty, when he saw Linda mending stockings, because he cannot give her new ones, but he gave the woman that he slept with new ones. In Willys second dream, he is recollecting when Biff discovered him with the woman. He remembers this properly, because it was an awful thing to happen to him. He was shocked and distressed, which helped him to remember events correctly.Willy often remembers things as he would have liked them to happen. He wants to be the best, respected and suc cessful. This is reflected in his dreams, because he remembers things as he wishes they had happened. Willy is still being delusional about his life, because he cannot accept the truth. Willy has trouble accepting that he wasnt successful and does not have the chance to ever be successful, because he is too old, and his life is over.Dreams are important in the play for many different reasons. The dreams in the play convey different ideas about the characters. We see the characters in real time and can only truly understand them when we see past events. We see how the American Dream affects the characters, how their hopes and ambitions affect them and how past events affect them through flashbacks. Miller is trying to make a point that we live in a society that encourages us to have dreams that are well beyond our means, and are unachievable, rather than realistic dreams.All of the characters in the play have been affected by their dreams and the dreams of others. Without dreams, hu man life would be awful, because we all direct something to aim for, but our aims need to be realistic. Arthur Miller has effectively shown how our dreams can get out of hand, and do the people around us, as well as ourselves, more damage than good. The American Dream affected one generation a lot, until it was seen by the next generation that it was merely an ideal. Arthur Millers father immigrated to America, and soon found that the land of opportunity was not all it seemed.