Evaporator Mass and Energy Balance, and Mechanical Design Essay

Evaporator Mass and Energy Balance, and Mechanical Design - Essay Example As the discussion outlines that evaporation is a plant operation used to concentrate a solution or a liquid of a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent, which many at times we use water. A portion of the solvent is vaporized to produce three products i.e. concentrated solution, slurry or thick and viscous liquid. Evaporation can be confused with drying but it differs from drying in that the residue is a flowing liquid instead of a sticky solid material. Evaporation on the other hand is different from distillation in that there is no deliberate attempt to separate the vapors into individual components.This essay highlights that evaporation is one of the most energy consuming processes within most industries including dairy, food and chemical industries, it is most essential that evaporation be approached in regard to economical energy utilization and effectiveness of the process. In addition, evaporator should be safe to operate and offer no negative environmental impact. It is pos sible to achieve the above when equipment manufacturer is able to offer a full selection of evaporation technology and systems developed to accommodate various product characteristics, the percent of concentration required, and regional energy costs.  Achieving control of most chemical/industrial evaporator systems is quite simple. However, with hygienic evaporators the control is somewhat more complicated due to the need to start up, operate, shut down and then clean at quite frequent intervals.... per P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram PHA Preliminary Hazard Analysis PLC Programmable Logic Controller MP Main Product PNCB P-Nitro Chloro Benzene DFC Direct fixed cost Table of figures Figure 1: Multiple effect evaporation with thermo-compression Figure 2: Simplified flow diagram of Evaporator of pharmaceutical plant Figure 3: Relationship between evaporation ratio (e) and concentrations of Feed (Products) and concentrate (GEA 2012). Figure 4: counter-flow evaporative cooler Figure 5: The Process Flow diagram Figure 6: Engineering line diagram for the evaporator (GEA 2012) Contents Design Objective 2 Executive Summary 2 Glossary 3 Table of figures 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 7 Chapter 2: Process options and selection 9 Multiple effect evaporation: 11 Vapour recompression 11 Designs 12 15 Chapter 3: Plant mass and energy balances 15 Mass balance 17 Energy Balance 21 Chapter 4: Detailed design 26 Evaporator’s mechanical Design 26 Feed pump power consumption 27 The cooler a nd Cooling System 28 Chapter 5: Process Safety Considerations 32 Chapter 6: Environmental Impact Statement and Sustainability 33 Chapter 7: Economic Appraisal 35 Input Item 42 Quantity 42 Unit cost 42 Total 42 Acetic acid 42 584gal/h 42 - 42 - 42 Water 42 938hg/h 42 - 42 - 42 Paracetamol 42 2352Kg/h 42 - 42 - 42 Heating duty 42 6137938KJ/h 42 - 42 - 42 Cooling duty 42 345181KJ/h 42 - 42 - 42 Acetic Anhydride 42 - 42 - 42 Nitrobenzene 42 - 42 - 42 Output from the evaporator is mainly paracetamol 43 Products 43 Quantity 43 Unit sale 43 Total 43 Paracetamol 43 2352Kg/h 43 - 43 Chapter 8: Conclusion and Recommendations 45 Appendices 47 Appendix I: Engineering unit conversion 47 Appendix II: Nomenclature 48 Appendix III: HAZOP minutes 48 (Attach minutes) 48 References 49 Chapter 1: Introduction

What Page are James Carnells Essay in Real Reading and Writing?

What Page are James Carnell's Essay in Real Reading and Writing?JAMES CARNELL'S ESSENTIAL ON WAR was a topic that this year's Dialectical Liberal Forum has focused on. While just another speech delivered to the same audience, the same students, they found it to be so incredibly focused on its subject that it actually motivated them to truly think about war and its effect on our lives.This year the 'What Page is James Carnell's Essay in Real Reading and Writing' in which Carnell addresses the subject of history, politics, morals, and ethics. And I am not just talking about historical or political topics as the course was very much about moral questions.The discussions were led by four students, Ralph Della Riva, Colin Wilson, and Sabrina Thompson. They each had their own contribution. The presentation was very well done and included a few points of interest but there were some points of interest that was lacking.For example, the pace and the focus of the 'What Page is James Carnell's Essay in Real Reading and Writing' fell on 'Civil War and American Culture.' The talk veered between the civil war and American society and the way these two things have a relationship to each other. The main points that Carnell made were that the Americans were coming from the culture of the South, the Christian denomination and the Bible; that the soldiers they were fighting against were Protestant, white, and very religious and did not show any concern for the rights of the Catholics or the non-Christians.So what I think this is missing is that there was not a whole lot of actual research or even quoting of primary sources. He discussed the psychological and mental psychological effects that we would have of war but did not touch on that particular issue as far as inbreeding, alcoholism, or food for the people in the United States.He does touch on how the war in Iraq and Afghanistan has a very different perspective on history and how these questions need to be addressed. We need to look at our history and how it is affecting us and it seems that Carnell fails to address the historical and cultural perspective that is vital in these discussions.I know that the course was less than interesting to me and there was a lot of discussion that was uninteresting, but the real point here is that the students should do more in their course and their lectures. While the lectures were brief, they were very well written and captured the discussion at the right pace.

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Personal Statement for the University Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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