Grendel Essay -- Literary Analysis, John Garner

In 1971, American author John Gardner wrote Grendel. With a mastermind of creativity, John Gardner successfully retells the classic epic poem, Beowulf. He captures the reader by giving an interesting view of order and chaos, good and evil, hero and monster, allowing the monsters point of view to be seen. On July 21, 1933 John Gardner was born in Batavia, New York. He was the son of a preacher and diary, and his mother taught English. They were very fond of Shakespeare and loved to recite literature. Gardner spent his ahead of time days attending school, playing French horn, and working on his dads farms. In April 1945, Gardners brother was killed in an accident with a cultipacker on their family farm. Gardner was driving the tractor during the team of the accident. He took the guilt for his siblings death, and as a result he suffered from nightmares and flashbacks. Taken over by the guilt and self-hatred, he beings to perfect his playing of the French horn he use th e instrument as a blockade from the outside world, allowing him to withdraw from his family and other forms of company(Winter 13).This feeling of guilt will be transfer into his writing, such as in the short story Redemption, which recounts the accident (Winter 13). Gardner graduated from Batavia High school, and enrolled into DePauw University. He married Joan Louise Patterson in 1953, and went in to attend uppercase University. After graduating from Washington University in 1955, he went on to attend the University of Iowa, where he studied medieval and Anglo-Saxon literature(Howell 1). After receiving his doctoral degree, Gardner spent a period of time teach at Chicago State College, Oberlin College and San Francisco College(Howell 2)... ...akes the reader have some compassion towards Grendel, makes it difficult to favor a particular character in the novel. Another melodic theme of the novel is the confrontation order and chaos. Norma L. Hutman states, Grendel see ch aos in all that occurs and indeed insist on chaos as the ultimate principle. Out of the angry world monsters invade the tamed and symmetrical world of man, entering the mead hall to leave, together with death and destruction, their chaotic mark upon the ordered universe. Grendel seems to view man as a maker of pattern. Stating, They are thinking creatures, pattern makers (Gardner 22). They map out road through hell with their crackpot theories (Gardner 13). Through such changes, Gardner creates themes that appear in Grendel and much of his later work. He hungered readers with his writing, which as a result empowered him with success.

Nicholas Malebranche :: essays research papers

Nicholas MalebrancheNicholas Malebranche was a theologian and philosopher from the 17th century. He was very influential in two aspects of the explanation of philosophy. The first was that we see in all things though perfection. Second was his works with occasionalism. He was concerned with how our minds get perceptual images of external objects. His final answer was that God contains all external objects there for God implants these ideas in our mind and the right time. So, we see external objects and there images as God sees them. Malebranche gave his ideas to help people to realize that God was a part of their lives at all times.Nicolas Malebranche was born August 5th, 1638 in Paris. He was born misshapen and sickly and preferred solitude in his childhood. Malebranches father was a government official his fathers official title was royal counselor, from the rural bourgeoisie. For work he was a treasurer of basketball team large farms. Malebranches mother belonged to the minor nobility. And had a brother-in-law that was the governor of Canada. It was believed that Malebranche lived off of his familys wealth. The religion Malebranche was raised in was catholic.Malebranche was born crippled and had a deformed spine he remained this was all of his spiritedness. There for he could not go to school like all the other children. He was educated at nucleotide from his mother who was a very educated woman. This is thought of how he got his great literary style. After getting the start of his education from his mother he went on to attend the College de la Marche from 1654 to 1656 were he studied philosophy and theology. Malebranche graduated Master of the Arts, and went on to Sorbonne in Paris until 1659. He intended to make theology his life intention but stopped going to the Sorbonne because he did not believe he was learning anything new. Malebranche had the chance to be canonry at Notre Dame but refused to accept. indeed he joined the Congregation of the O ratory in 1660. The chief aim of this program was to train candidates for the priesthood. During the time Malebranche studied at the Oratory its teachings where strongly ground from the philosophies of Descartes. Malebranche was ordained a priest in 1664 having studied ecclesiastical history in Hebrew and Biblical criticism. Malebranche had to major influences in his studies of mathematics and philosophy.

Free Argumentative Essays: Euthanasia is Inhuman :: Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia is Inhuman             A subject that has been disputed more ever since health check exam technology has dramatically improved is Euthanasia. Euthanasia is assisted suicide, or it could be ending a patiences suffering by letting him die. Medical technology is advance so fast euthanasia is not needed to be a practice in todays society. Moreover, it is barbaric and against the law.         Many citizenry with incurable diseases have pattern about euthanasia. Their families do not want them to go through the pain any longer. One reason why these families should not consider euthanasia is because medical technology is advancing at an alarming rate. Diseases can be remedyd now that could not have been cured just a few days ago. The way things argon going technology would probably find a cure for the patiences illness in the near future. Families or individuals thinking about euthanasia should get all the facts first about the research being done on the particular illness that has invaded a member of their family. Think twice earlier making any serious decisions.         Euthanasia is an inhuman way of taking care of a difficult problem. Some people might say that it is inhuman to have someone suffer through the pain of his or her illness. Many of the families have a harder time dealing with the pain than the actual victim does. The families would same(p) to ease their own pain along with the victims pain. It is not inhuman to keep someone alive as long as humanly possible. If a cure is found, then the victim could possibly go on to live a long life. It would be inhuman to not let the victim have the pass off to live the rest of his life. A human life is the most beautiful thing on the face of the earth or anywhere, and people should be granted a chance to experience the beauty as long as possible.         Some people want to die for one reason or another. These people go to someone and ask him or her to help them die. Most of the victims of diseases that would result in them wanting to die are in an unstable condition and are not fit to make these major decisions. A paper I read off the internet said Contrary to the assumptions of many in the public, a

Pragmatism, Perfectionism, and Feminism :: Feminist Feminism Pragmatism Essays

Pragmatism, Perfectionism, and FeminismABSTRACT I consider the revision of pragmatism by three leading neopragmatists Richard Rorty, Richard Bernstein, and Cornel westbound. I argue that their vision of pragmatism lacks a teleology, though a teleology is suggested by Bernsteins description of a pragmatic ethos. I appeal to Stanley Cavells notion of moral perfectionism to suggest a kind of teleology that is available to pragmatism. Finally, I find the weakness of pragmatism done without teleology well exemplified in the exchange between Rorty and Nancy Frazer at Rortys 1990 Tanner Lecture. Rortys paper, Pragmatism and Feminism, was meant to offer feminists some pragmatic strategies for improving their position. Frazers strong response finds Rortys suggestions only marginally helpful. I interpret her criticism of Rortys suggestions to be that they lack something like a teleology. To me, this suggests that pragmatism can learn from feminism. Pragmatism is revolutionary both in the sens e of being a philosophy that is critical, destabilizing, and progressive, as well as in the sense of being a philosophy that, in the turning philosophical tides, has come back. Pragmatism was eclipsed in the first half of the twentieth century by analytic philosophy, in its various forms, but in the last decade or so pragmatism has returned in entire force, and with an explicitly philosophical agenda. In this paper I will examine this new wave of philosophical pragmatism, sometimes referred to as neopragmatism, as it appears in the work of three of its leading proponents, Richard Rorty, Cornel West, and Richard Bernstein and specifically, how it compares to, contrasts with, and contributes to feminism, as illustrated in the exchange between Rorty and Nancy Fraser that occurred as part of Rortys 1990 Tanner Lecture. A difficulty that arises in talking closely pragmatism, new or old, is that pragmatism comes in so many forms. For Rorty, the most influential of the neopragmatists, pragmatism is primarily anti-philosophical. He defines its role in terms of negations it is anti-representational, anti-universalist, and anti-foundational. single of Rortys descriptions of what pragmatists do is, pragmatists keep trying to find ways of making antiphilosophical points in nonphilosophical language. (1) For Cornel West, pragmatism represents a kind of return to philosophy, a return, that is, from a senseless to a genuine philosophy. It is a return to a philosophy that, at last, addresses the loci of our real needs. In his impressive, The American Evasion of Philosophy A Genealogy of Pragmatism, West describes the return to pragmatism as follows

Betrayal :: Personal Narrative Writing

Betrayal 1.Desire It is easy to fall in love with bodies. I Breathe skin, lose time to anticipation and pleasure, hair, lips, thighs tangled in another person, I am lost in a jungle. Transcendence. Society teaches us to break a body down we love legs, butts, breasts we take images and espouse them into the form of our perfect desire. Like Pygmalion we are desperate to breathe life into our conception of beauty, our imagination of a perfect creature. Reality is easily redrawn around a body whose presence in a place reorganizes the map of the world. Nothing exists but the texture of skin, its taste thick in the minds imagination. Against our animal world, ideas and numbers front strange, misplaced, insignificant to desire and love, to connecting with anothers warmth. Trying to fulfill a fantasy, it is the dreamer who is recreated. It is time that is filled in. 2. Characters To a instant we are only characters. In this moment David, the long boyfriend (now). Moa, at first betrayer , then clown, then you (then). There is the self who perceives, creates, and ultimately longs for the deep and endless fall of vertigo (lost between the now and then). And there is Love, so mysterious and evasive that I sometimes believe it is a character, alive, weaving tendrils around us (love plays with time). But the descriptions might switch names. I could be the clown, and it could be you who plunges yourself into vertigo. And maybe only one character could play all the parts. There are several combinations to fit several moods (this is my version that fits my now). 3. Eternity The moment has a way of leaking into other moments. Other moments with other lovers leak into the memory. The lovers, like muddying watercolors, swirl into each other. I wonder if I only have relationships with myself. I ask myself the same question over and over till it feels like I am banging my head against a wall, What do I call for? I look into my heart but it is hard to see throug h the haze of time and desire. Sartre writes that we are indoctrinated with the values of our societies. We can never be or know ourselves till we escape these. Sartre draws one single path to freedom, this is radical choice, choosing something totally unconnected to anything, in practice this could only be a random choice.

The Cultural Identity Within Asian Writing Systems Essay -- Cultural Id

The Cultural Identity Within Asian authorship SystemsThe style of Asian indite seems to be completely different from that of the western writing systems. For starters, many western languages are phonetic wrangle are spelled out with symbols that represent sounds. The way that a word looks has nothing to do with the meaning of the word. On the other hand, the most recognized form of Asian writing, Chinese characters, are completely pictographic. A single character is correlated to one sound or meaning. To convey more complicated meanings, pictographs are either combined into new pictographs, or multiple characters are simply used in succession. The meaning of words is depicted through pictographs, but for the most part, there is no information about their pronunciations. Asian and western languages appear so different because they had evolved in isolation from each other for hundreds of years. However, the evolution of each group of languages is akin(predicate). Whether A sian or western, languages borrow from each other and evolve together when they are in termination quarters.Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are perfect examples of languages that have evolved together because they are spoken in countries that are so close together. Their cultures are also arguably similar when compared to western cultures. All three have used Chinese characters exclusively as their writing system for a period of time and parts of the Korean and Japanese vocabularies are actually derived from Chinese. Up until a few hundred years ago, the three written languages have developed quite closely. But in the present day, the three systems appear to have taken very different evolutionary paths. The Korean language has developed a phonetic alphabet syste... ...se Writing System. 20 July 2001. Kanji Dictionary Publishing Society. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.kanji.org/kanji/japanese/writing/outline.htm.Katsiavriades, Kryss. KryssTalLanguage Page. Amazon, Britannica. 20 Ap r. 2004 <http//www.krysstal.com/language.html.Laugk. Chinese hostages to their writing system A case for simplification and reform. china Daily 7 Feb. 2004. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/07/content_304083.htm.Noll, Paul. History of the Chinese Language. 25 Mar. 2004. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.paulnoll.com/China/Culture/language-history.html.Ohak-Yonku. Formation of Korean Alphabet. Language-Research Sept. 1987 527-537.Types of Writing Systems. AncientScripts.com. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.ancientscripts.com/ws_types.html.Usaburo, Shimizu. Hiragana. Meiroku Zasshi 1800s.

The Cultural Identity Within Asian Writing Systems Essay -- Cultural Id

The Cultural Identity Within Asian piece of writing SystemsThe style of Asian paper seems to be completely different from that of the western writing systems. For starters, many western languages are phonetic linguistic process are spelled out with symbols that represent sounds. The way that a word looks has nothing to do with the meaning of the word. On the other hand, the most recognized form of Asian writing, Chinese characters, are completely pictographic. A single character is correlated to one sound or meaning. To convey more complicated meanings, pictographs are either combined into new pictographs, or multiple characters are simply used in succession. The meaning of words is depicted through pictographs, but for the most part, there is no information about their pronunciations. Asian and western languages appear so different because they had evolved in isolation from each other for hundreds of years. However, the evolution of each group of languages is correspond ing. Whether Asian or western, languages borrow from each other and evolve together when they are in slopped quarters.Chinese, Japanese, and Korean are perfect examples of languages that have evolved together because they are spoken in countries that are so close together. Their cultures are also arguably similar when compared to western cultures. All three have used Chinese characters exclusively as their writing system for a period of time and parts of the Korean and Japanese vocabularies are actually derived from Chinese. Up until a few hundred years ago, the three written languages have developed quite closely. But in the present day, the three systems appear to have taken very different evolutionary paths. The Korean language has developed a phonetic alphabet syste... ...se Writing System. 20 July 2001. Kanji Dictionary Publishing Society. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.kanji.org/kanji/japanese/writing/outline.htm.Katsiavriades, Kryss. KryssTalLanguage Page. Amazon, Britann ica. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.krysstal.com/language.html.Laugk. Chinese hostages to their writing system A case for simplification and reform. mainland China Daily 7 Feb. 2004. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/07/content_304083.htm.Noll, Paul. History of the Chinese Language. 25 Mar. 2004. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.paulnoll.com/China/Culture/language-history.html.Ohak-Yonku. Formation of Korean Alphabet. Language-Research Sept. 1987 527-537.Types of Writing Systems. AncientScripts.com. 20 Apr. 2004 <http//www.ancientscripts.com/ws_types.html.Usaburo, Shimizu. Hiragana. Meiroku Zasshi 1800s.

Omnivores Dilemma Essay

Learning Objective The goal of this two day exemplar is to fade students the opportunity to use the rendering and piece of writing habits theyve been practicing on a regular basis to unpack Pollans investigative journalism of industrial kindles. By reading and rereading the passage mingyly unite with varianceroom word of honor or so it, students result identify wherefore and how kingdom bores put hotshot everywhere changed, as well as identify Pollans point of trip up on the subject.When combined with writing ab proscribed the passage and teacher feedback, students will begin to appreciate investigative journalism, as well as question from where their provender is coming. reading material Task Students will silently read the passage in question on a given dayfirst independently and because following along with the textual matter edition as the teacher and/or undecomposed students read aloud. Depending on the difficulties of a given text and the teachers noesis of the smoothness abilities of students, the order of the student silent read and the teacher reading aloud with students following major indicant be reversed.What is important is to anyow all students to interact with challenging text on their own as frequently and independently as possible. Students will then reread specific passages in response to a set of concise, text- dependent questions that compel them to examine the meaning and structure of Pollans reporting. Therefore, rereading is deliberately built into the instructional unit. Vocabulary Task Most of the meanings of words in the exemplar text can be observed by students from c beful reading of the mount in which they appear.Teachers can use discussions to model and reinforce how to visualize vocabulary from contextual clues, and students must be held account equal to(p) for engaging in this practice. Where it is judged this is not possible, underlined words argon defined briefly for students to the right of the te xt in a separate column whenever the original text is reproduced. At times, this is all the support these defined words need. At other times, jumpicularly with abstract words, teachers will need to spend to a greater extent time explaining and discussing them.In addition, in subsequent close readings of passages of the text, high value academic (Tier Two) words have been bolded to draw attention to them. Given how crucial vocabulary knowledge is for academic and c atomic number 18er success, it is essential that these high value words be discussed and lingered over during the instructional sequence. Sentence Syntax Task On occasion, students will encounter particularly difficult sentences to decode. Teachers should engage in a close examination of much(prenominal) sentences to jock students discover how they are built and how they convey meaning.While many questions addressing important aspects of the text double as questions ab protrude syntax, students should receive regular su pported practice in deciphering involved sentences. It is crucial that the answer they receive in unpacking text complexity focuses both on the precise meaning of what the author is saying and why the author might have constructed the sentence in this particular fashion. That practice will in turn support students ability to unpack meaning from syntactically complex sentences they encounter in future reading. word of honor Task Students will discuss the passage in depth with their teacher and their classmates, performing activities that result in a close reading of Pollans text. The goal is to foster student confidence when encountering complex text and to reinforce the skills they have acquired regarding how to build and extend their understand of a text. A general principle is to al authoritys reread the passage that provides evidence for the question under discussion.This gives students another encounter with the text, wait oning them develop fluency and reinforcing their use of text evidence. Writing Task Students will paraphrase different sentences and paragraphs of Pollans text and then spell either a compare and crease attempt illustrating the differences amongst the traditional farm and the factory farm or an argument against the factory farm. Students might be afforded the opportunity to rewrite their essays or revision their in-class paraphrasesafter participating in classroom discussion, quiting them to refashion both their thought of the text and their expression of that understanding. Text Selection This selection, pay offn from the young readers edition of Pollans bestseller, The Omnivores Dilemma, asks students to consider how their food is grown today and why and how that has changed. This brief history and science of United States farm ecology offers students diverse opportunities for exploration and close reading.Outline of Lesson Plan This less(prenominal)on can be divided by the teacher into two days of instruction and reflection on the part of students and their teachers, with the option of a written homework assignment after daylight 1 and the possibility of adding an additional day devoted to peer review and revision of the culminating writing assignment. Standards address The following Common Core State Standards are the focus of this exemplar RI. 7. 1, RI. 7. 2, RI. 7. 3, RI. 7. 4, RI. 7. 5 W. 7. 1, W. 7. 2, W. 7. 4 SL. 7. 1 L. 7. 4, L. 7. 5 The Text Pollan, Michael. The Omnivores Dilemma The Secrets posterior What You Eat(Chapter 3 From provoke to Factory) Rule or order A substance that kills insects Corn grown from enamourds with different traits DNA is the chemical name for genes. Genes give all organisms their traits such as how fast they grow zoology(prenominal) dung use for fertilizing land Relating to talent from the sun Branch of science concerned with the relationships between living things and their environment Grassy field where animals can graze A basket Exemplar Text Vocabulary Thats around seventy-five gallons of inunct per acre of give (Some estimates are much higher. ) Heres another authority to look at it.Calories, like the calories in food, are units of ability. On the industrial farm, it takes ab push through ten calories of fogey fuel zippo to produce one calorie of food energy. That means the industrial farm is exploitation up to a greater extent energy than it is producing. This is the opposite of what happened before chemical fertilizers. Back then, the Naylor farm produced much than two calories of food energy for every calorie of fogey fuel energy invested. In terms of energy, the modern farm is a losing proposition. Its too bad we cant simply present the petroleum directlyit would be more than efficient.The factory farm produces more food much faster than the old solar-based farm. But the placement only works as long as fogey fuel energy is cheap. A plan of action vegetable oil more productionive and less wasteful Day One Instruction al Exemplar for Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma (Young Readers Edition) Summary of Activities 1. Teacher introduces the days passage with minimal comment and students read it independently (5 minutes) 2. Teacher or a skillful reader then reads the passage out loud to the class as students follow along in the text (5 minutes) 3. Teacher asks the class to discuss the first set oftext-dependent questions and perform tar defineed tasks about(predicate) the passage, with answers in the form of notes, annotations to the text, or more formal responses as appropriate (40 minutes) Text Under Discussion Directions for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students It may seem that Ive given corn whisky too much credit. After all, corn is just a workings. How could a plant take over our food chain and boost out almost every other species? Well, it had some help-from the U. S. Government. read the intervening paragraphs thusly in 1909 a chemist discover a federal agency to take normality out of the air. This newton could be used for fertilizer.However, making nitrogen this way takes enormous amounts of energy, energy that we mainly hold from fossil fuels. Not only that, it uses a pass on of hydrogen that in like manner comes from fellate and oil. With chemical fertilizer, farming went from being solar ply to being cater by oil, coal, and gas. 1. state the text and ask students to read independently Other than giving an initial gloss to words students would likely not be able to define from context (underlined in the text), teachers should avoid giving any background context or instructional guidance at the outset of the lesson while students are reading the text silently.This close reading approach forces students to rely exclusively on the text instead of privileging background knowledge and levels the playing field for all students as they stress to comprehend Pollans words. It is critical to cultivating independence and creating a culture of close reading tha t students initially grapple with rich texts like Pollans without the aid of preceding(prenominal) material, extensive notes, or even teacher explanations. 2. Read the passage out loud as students follow alongAsking students to learn to Pollans text exposes students a second time to the rhythms and meaning of his language before they begin their own close reading of the passage. Speaking clearly and cautiously will allow students to follow Pollans narrative, and reading out loud with students following along improves fluency while offering all students access to this complex text. Accurate and skillful modeling of the reading provides students who may be dysfluent with accurate pronunciations and syntactic patterns of English. Text Under DiscussionDirections for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students It may seem that Ive given corn too much credit. After all, corn is just a plant. How could a plant take over our food chain and push out almost every other species? Well, it had som e help-from the U. S. Government. At the heart of the industrial food chain are huge businesses, agri-businesses. The same businesses that create newfound seeds provide farmers with the tools and fertilizer they need to grow lots of corn. Agribusinesses also need cheap corn from which they make processed food and hundreds of other products.To get the corn flowing and keep it flowing, agribusiness depends on government regulations and taxpayer money. The government started seriously helping corn back in 1947. That was when a huge weapons plant heftiness Shoals, Alabama, switched over to making chemical fertilizer. How can a weapons plant make fertilizer? Because ammonium nitrate, the main ingredient in explosives, happens to be an excellent denotation of nitrogen. And nitrogen is one of the main ingredients in fertilizer. After World War II, the government found itself with a tremendous surplus of ammonium nitrate.There was a debate about what the government should do with the le ftover bomb material. One idea was to spray it on forests to help out the timber attention. But the scientists in the Department of Agriculture had a better idea Spread the ammonium nitrate on farmland as fertilizer. And so the government helped launch the chemical fertilizer industry. (It also helped start the pesticide industry, since insect killers are based on poison gases developed for the war. ) Rule or order Substance that kills insects 3. Guide discussion of the first half of the essay with a series of specific text- dependent questions and tasks.As students move through these questions, be sure to check for and reinforce their understanding of academic vocabulary in the corresponding text (which will be boldfaced the first time it appears in the text). At times, the questions provided here may focus on academic vocabulary. (Q1) Ask students to define agribusiness. It is important for students to understand that agribusinesses are not farmers. Some students might need clar ification here. Teachers should discuss the following sentence Agribusinesses also need cheap corn from which they make processed food and hundreds of other products. Agribusinesses are large companies that manufacture farming equipment, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, processed foods as well as provide services to farmers. Sidebar Website listing many different types of products made from corn. If students are intrigued to learn all the different types of products made from corn, have them view the graphic tissue on pages 68-69 of Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma (Young Readers Edition) or examine the following website http//www. ontariocorn. org/classroom/products. htmlProducts%20that%20 use%20Corn (Q2) How did the U. S.government help launch the chemical fertilizer industry? The U. S. government sprayed their WWII surplus of ammonium nitrate on farmland. Ammonium nitrate was manufactured for weapons during the war. After the war, the U. S. government inevitable to do something wit h the remaining bomb material. It must have worked well as a fertilizer because after that the chemical fertilizer business took off, and many farms began using it to grow crops. Text Under Discussion Directions for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students Chemical fertilizer was needed to grow hybrid corn because it is a very hungry crop.The richest acre of Iowa modify could never feed thirty thousand hungry corn plants year after year without added fertilizer. Though hybrids were introduced in the thirties, it wasnt until farmers started using chemical fertilizers in the 1950s that corn yields really exploded. Plants and Nitrogen Plants and all living thing organisms need the element nitrogen. Without nitrogen, cells cannot make proteins or DNA. For thousands of years, farmers added nitrogen to their soil, even before they knew what nitrogen was. They fertilized their crops with manure from their animals.They also rotated crops. That means they never grew corn in a field more than two years in a row. Then they would switch that field to soybeans or some other legume. Legumes such as beans add nitrogen to the soil with the help of friendly bacteria that live on their roots. Then in 1909 a chemist discovered a way to take nitrogen out of the air. This nitrogen could be used for fertilizer. However, making nitrogen this way takes enormous amounts of energy, energy that we mainly get from fossil fuels. Not only that, it uses a lot of hydrogen that also comes from gas and oil.With chemical fertilizer, farming went from being solar powered to being powered by oil, coal, and gas. Corn grown from seeds with different traits DNA is the chemical name for genes. Genes give all organisms their traits such as how fast they grow Animal dung used for fertilizing land Relating to energy from the sun (Q3) Why are chemical fertilizers so important and incumbent to agribusinesses? Students should remember from (Q1) that agribusinesses rely on corn to produce many of their pro ducts. The type of corn being grown, hybrid corn, needs very fertile soil.Chemical fertilizers are necessary to create this fertile soil especially because of the quantity (thirty thousand hungry corn plants) being planted. (Q4) Ask students to describe in writing one cause and effect relationship they have read about thus far. Possible answers should include the U. S. governments surplus caused the chemical fertilizer industry to take off or that corn farming exploded as a result of the chemical fertilizers. (Q5) What is the cancel way to fertilize crops? The natural way to fertilize crops is by planting different crops every couple of years in addition to spreading animal manure on the fields.(Q6) What are fossil fuels? What might be some problems with using fossil fuels to produce chemical fertilizers? Fossil fuels are natural sources of energy such as oil, coal, and gas. Teachers should point out why fossil appears with fuel (because these types of fuels are derived from the org anic remains of prehistoric plants and animals). Students might recognize that making nitrogentakes enormous amounts of energy and fossil fuels are not free, thus pinnacle the cost of chemical fertilizer. Students might also cite the environmental costs (using their own prior knowledge) of using fossil fuels.Day Two Instructional Exemplar for Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma (Young Readers Edition) Summary of Activities 1. Teacher introduces the days passage with minimal commentary and students read it independently (5 minutes) 2. Teacher or a skillful reader then reads the passage out loud to the class as students follow along in the text (5 minutes) 3. Teacher asks the class to discuss the first set of text-dependent questions and perform targeted tasks about the passage, with answers in the form of notes, annotations to the text, or more formal responses as appropriate (40 minutes)Text Under Discussion Directions for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students Then in 1909 a chemist di scovered a way to take nitrogen out of the air. This nitrogen could be used for fertilizer. However, making nitrogen this way takes enormous amounts of energy, energy that we mainly get from fossil fuels. Not only that, it uses a lot of hydrogen that also comes from gas and oil. With chemical fertilizer, farming went from being solar powered to being powered by oil, coal, and gas. read the intervening paragraphs The factory farm produces more food much faster than the old solar-based farm.But the system only works as long as fossil fuel energy is cheap. 1. Introduce the text and ask students to read independently Other than giving an initial gloss to words students would likely not be able to define from context (underlined in the text), teachers should avoid giving any background context or instructional guidance at the outset of the lesson while students are reading the text silently. This close reading approach forces students to rely exclusively on the text instead of privilegin g background knowledge and levels the playing field for all students as they seek to comprehend Pollans words.It is critical to cultivating independence and creating a culture of close reading that students initially grapple with rich texts like Pollans without the aid of prefatory material, extensive notes, or even teacher explanations. 2. Read the passage out loud as students follow along Asking students to listen to Pollans text exposes students a second time to the rhythms and meaning of his language before they begin their own close reading of the passage.Speaking clearly and carefully will allow students to follow Pollans narrative, and reading out loud with students following along improves fluency while offering all students access to this complex text. Accurate and skillful modeling of the reading provides students who may be dysfluent with accurate pronunciations and syntactic patterns of English. Text Under Discussion Directions for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students Then in 1909 a chemist discovered a way to take nitrogen out of the air. This nitrogen could be used for fertilizer. However, making nitrogen this way takes enormous amountsof energy, energy that we mainly get from fossil fuels. Not only that, it uses a lot of hydrogen that also comes from gas and oil. With chemical fertilizer, farming went from being solar powered to being powered by oil, coal, and gas. THERE GOES THE SUN When George Naylors father spread his first load of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, the ecology of his farm underwent a quiet whirling. Until then, the farms nitrogen had been recycled in a natural loop. Legumes used the suns energy to fix nitrogen in the soil. Other plants used the nitrogen to grow.Animals ate the plants and the farmer recycled the nitrogen by spreading the animals manure on the soil. But now the Naylors didnt need to produce their own nitrogenthey went out and bought it. The nitrogen for the fields would no longer be made with the suns energy but with fossil fuels. Farming was no longer an bionomical loopit was more like a factory. The farmer bought raw materials (seed and fertilizer) and saturnine it into a finished productcorn. Since in that location was no need for legumes to fix nitrogen, farmers could plant corn in every field, every year. Animals and their pastures could be eliminated.Farming became much simpler. Like a factory, the industrial farm produces just one product (or at most, two. ) Relating to energy from the sun A branch of science concerned with the relationships between living things and their environment Grassy fields where animals can graze Ask students to write a paragraph explaining the run low sentence of the text box (With chemical fertilizer, farming went from being solar powered to being powered by oil, coal, and gas. ) Answers might sound like this The traditional farm fertilizes its soil with animal dung and by rotating its crops.The crops such as corn and beans grow from the suns energy. discerp rotation allows the soil chemistry to change and become more fertile. Alternatively, chemical fertilizers treat the soil without the use of the sun. Chemical fertilizers are manufactured in a factory and impartinged to farms by machines powered by fossil fuels. (Q7) What does the author mean when he wrote, the ecology of his farm underwent a quiet revolution? Students should recognize that the natural order of fertilization described in the first paragraph was dramatically altered when Naylors father began using chemical fertilizer.It was a quiet revolution because nothing in this natural world protested the change. (Q8) Cite textual evidence for the claim, Farming was no longer an ecological loopit was more like a factory. Teachers should highlight the connection in meaning to loop and revolve/revolution. Students will cite textual evidence such as The farmer bought raw materials (seed and fertilizer) and turned it into a finished productcorn. farmers could plant corn in every field, every year. the industrial farm produces just one product (or at most, two. ) the industrial farm, is powered with fossil fuels. Text Under Discussion Directions for Teachers/Guiding Questions For Students And like most factories, the industrial farm, is powered with fossil fuels. Theres natural gas in the fertilizer and the fossil fuel energy it takes to make the pesticides, the diesel used by the tractors, and the fuel needed to harvest, dry, and transport the corn. Add it all up and you find that every bushel of corn from an industrial farm requires about half a gallon of oil to grow. Thats around seventy- five gallons of oil per acre of corn (Some estimates are much higher. ) Heres another way to look at it.Calories, like the calories in food, are units of energy. On the industrial farm, it takes about ten calories of fossil fuel energy to produce one calorie of food energy. That means the industrial farm is using up more energy than it is producing. This is the opposite of what happened before chemical fertilizers. Back then, the Naylor farm produced more than two calories of food energy for every calorie of fossil fuel energy invested. In terms of energy, the modern farm is a losing proposition. Its too bad we cant simply drink the petroleum directlyit would be more efficient.The factory farm produces more food much faster than the old solar-based farm. But the system only works as long as fossil fuel energy is cheap. A basket Suggested plan of action oil more productive and less wasteful (Q9) What fossil fuels are needed to power the industrial farm? Students should highlight phrases such as natural gas in the fertilizer and the diesel used by the tractors, and the fuel needed to harvest, dry, and transport the corn. (Q10) What does Pollan mean when he writes, the modern farm is a losing proposition?This question will determine if the students understand the authors purpose in writing this passage. It asks students to determine the imp ortance of certain phrases and identify the central theme of this section. Students might cite the following phrases in their answers the industrial farm is using up more energy than it is producing and the system only works as long as fossil fuel energy is cheap. Students should recognize the traditional farming methods produced more with less fossil fuel energy than the industrial farm. Students can also extract information from the bar graph found in the exemplar.Explanatory Writing denomination Directions for Teachers and Students / Guidance for Teachers Choose one of the following writing assignments based on the excerpt from Michael Pollans The Omnivores Dilemma (Young Readers Edition) Write an essay comparing and contrasting traditional farming methods with those of an industrial/factory farm. Write an argument against the industrial/factory farm. Support your argument with textual evidence. Reread the last three paragraphs of the exemplar and examine the bar graph. In your own words, describe the authors opinion of the industrial farm.Support your ideas with particular words or phrases that highlight the authors opinion. Supporting details for a compare and contrast essay might include Traditional Farm Factory Farm fertilizes soil with manure (needs animals) rotates crops every couple of years solar powered produces more food energy than it uses to grow crops exists as a cycle The farmer bought raw materials (seed and fertilizer) and turned it into a finished productcorn. farmers could plant corn in every field, every year. the industrial farm produces just one product (or at most, two. ) the industrial farm is powered with fossil fuels. industrial farm is using up more energy than it is producing Not a cycle textual evidence for an argument against the factory farm might include factory farm produces more food much faster than the old solar-based farm. But the system only works as long as fossil fuel energy is cheap the industrial farm is using up more energy than it is producing the industrial farm, is powered with fossil fuels. Theres natural gas in the fertilizer and the fossil fuel energy it takes to make the pesticides, the diesel used by the tractors, and the fuel needed to harvest, dry, and transport the corn. Factory farms need chemical fertilizers to grow hybrid corn Guidance regarding an essay about the authors point of view Asking students to identify the authors opinion or point of view (the modern farm is a losing proposition) forces them to synthesise the whole text. Students might notice the authors ironic tone in the sentence, Its too bad we cant simply drink the petroleum directlyit would be more efficient. Teachers should point out that this type of emotional language often signifies an authors point of view.Additional Reading Passages from The Omnivores Dilemma The Secrets Behind What You Eat (Young Readers Edition) 2009 pp. 48-52 CAFO-Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation The old-fashioned way of raisin g cattle, like the old-fashioned way of growing corn, was on the small family farm. cows were raised in pastures, eating grass and haythe food they naturally eat. But as corn took over the family farm, cows and other animals were pushed out. Cattle are now raised in densely packed animal cities like Pokys. These places are called CAFOsConcentrated Animal Feeding Operations.Farmers gave up raising cattle because, as strange as it might seem, it costs a farmer more to grow feed corn than it costs a CAFO to buy it. ( convey to those government subsidies. ) Eating meat used to be a special occasion in most American homes. Thanks to CAFOs, meat is now so cheap that many of us eat it three times a day. Of course, the American taxpayers have already paid part of the cost by subsidizing corn. But there are other costs involved in raising cattle this way, costs that shoppers dont see when they buy a steak at the supermarket. On the old-fashioned farm, there is really no such thing as waste. Animal manure goes back into the fields as fertilizer. But the waste from CAFOs is a huge source of very toxic pollution. Tons of animal manure are produced with no legal way of disposing of it. The feedlots are also breeding grounds for new and deadly bacteria. Some of these bacteria are finding their way into our food. And there is another cost to raising cattle on CAFOs, one thats even harder to see. These animals have evolved to eat grass. But in a CAFO they are forced to eat cornat considerable cost to their health, to the health of the land, and ultimately to the health of us, their eaters.() Cows and GrassA Partnership Cows have evolved over millions of years to eat grass. Its not a one-sided deal. At the same time, grasses have evolved over millions of years to be eaten by cows. This partnership is one of natures wonders. When a cow eats grass, it doesnt kill the plant. Grasses have evolved so that they can survive being eaten very well. (As long as the cows give them a cha nce to recover. ) In return for being chewed on, the plants get help from the cows. The cow protects the grass habitat by eating young trees and shrubs that might compete with grasses.The animal also spreads grass seed, plants it with his hooves, and then fertilizes it with his manure. Only certain animals, including cows, sheep, goats, and bison, can make a meal out of grass. They can do this because they have a narrow down second stomach called a rumen. (Thats why these animals are called ruminants. ) The rumen is like a twenty-five-gallon fermentation armored combat vehicle. Here is where the cow gets some help. Inside the tank lives a type of bacteria that dines on grass. The bacteria break down the cell walls of the grass and allow the cows to get at the protein and carbohydrates within.On the plains of the American west, where steer 534 was born, bison and the prairie grasses lived together in partnership for thousands of years. (I guess we should include the bacteria in tha t partnership, also. ) It was a natural, solar-powered loop. The plants used the suns energy to make food. The bison (with the help of bacteria) ate the grass and in return planted it, fertilized it, and defended its territory. It was a successful ecological system. A rumen has evolved into the perfect organ for digesting grass. But it is not good at digesting corn.So then why is steer number 534 forced to eat corn instead of grass? The answer is one word speed. Cattle raised on grass simply take longer to grow than cattle raised on corn. In my grandfathers time, cows were quaternion or five years old at slaughter, Rich Blair explained to me. In the fifties, when my father was ranching, it was two or three years old. Now we get there at fourteen to sixteen months. What gets a steer from 80 to 1,100 pounds in fourteen months is tremendous amounts of corn, food supplements, and drugs. Fast food indeed. This work was supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Lower class

Lower class Americans do non often discuss the class separation that exists in todays society, merely we only know there Is some subject going on. The government helps supports the trim class, so that the lower class can also enjoy their lives without having to work. DRP. Daniels analysis about the underclass and Its kin to the government Is accurate based on poverty, criminality, and family fluidity. One of the aspects that allow the lower class to remain in their specific position is because of poverty.A lot f the time, the lower class go away not take the initiative to work because they claim to get paid. As Anthony Daniels quotes l get paid on Friday(Daniels), they atomic number 18 not actually getting paid but rather are receiving state benefits and feel entitled to have them without doing any work. The correct term they should be using is I received my tinkle on Friday. And for this reason the lower class does not feel necessary to work since they receive a check every Friday. So, what happens if they do decide to work?Well, when and if they do decide to work, they will usually end up regretting It. The US Government Is basically saying we had destroy all economic incentive for the latter to work (Daniels). Here In the US, If you start making more than a certain amount of Income, all your states benefits will get cut-off. This concept Is super deadly because they still need support and are still struggling to become volcanically well. Lastly, the lower class does not think about the future.Most of the time, they ill be concerned with paying of bills (living on a day to day basis), or spending it all on the fill out for luxurious items. Many successful people know that saving for the future is exceedingly important and truly beneficial for them. Criminality in the lower classes is a choice that can be steered clear of. Committing crimes for drugs is something that happens quite often and here is the reason why Dishonest passivity and dependence c ombined with harmful drill becomes a pattern of life, and not just among drug addicts. (Daniels).Basically committing crimes has become a way of life not only for drugs, but also for other needs. Its not that cannot stop committing crimes but they need help getting out of this villous cycle. These days, there Is no such thing concept of a traditional family anymore. Everyone lived In households with a devious cast of members, rather than in families. (Daniels) I really agree with this statement, because today we have no such thing as a family anymore due to divorce rates. Parents are constantly arguing and in disagreement and their children eve no idea what to do.So these children often look up to the TV because thats the one thing they can find satisfaction in. Another reason why these families are so dysfunctional is due to work. Often the father will leave the begin all alone to take of their children all by herself. This mother often will have two Jobs, working day and nig ht, to support her children because she is a single(a) parent. This also brings up another point of why families are dysfunctional Is due to Individualism. Many Americans believe In the Idea of individualism which can be bad.In the article, the following quote Is the new definition of Individualism Mothers would say to me that they were pleased to be Independent, by which they meant Independent of the fathers (Daniels). Usually these mothers are free of the ruthless fathers, but rather government for help. In todays society we all maybe considered equal, but subconsciously we all know that social classes influence our decisions. It is near to impossible to commotion out of your social class because the government has a system set into place that nearly affects everyone.

Peplau’s Contribution to the Advancement of Nursing Knowledge Essay

Peplaus Contribution to the Advancement of Nursing acquaintance in Support of Multidisciplinary Science Nursing is still a young profession that is still evolving. It is still developing its theoretical support for the treat practice and how its discipline is unique from other disciplines (Johnson, B. & Webber, and P.). Many of the breast feeding theorists pass on drawn from other disciplines (psychological science, sociology etc.) in forming their nursing theories. Hildegard Peplau is one of those theorists who used another discipline in formulation of her Interpersonal Relations in Nursing opening. In this paper, I will describe her career development and how she contributed to nursings body of knowledge, showing her support of multidisciplinary scholarship. I will also describe how her possible action has been adopted indoors the nursing region by reporting the results of a current literature review. Peplaus Career and How She Contributed to Nursings Body of KnowledgeIt is important to know Peplaus nursing education in order to understand how she came to think and perceive the nursing profession, its practice and theory, particularly with an influence from the science of psychology. Peplau entered the nursing profession after earning a diploma in nursing at a hospital in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. She took a variety of nursing positions and within a few years, she earned her Baccalaureate Degree in Psychology. It was then that Peplau really began to form her ideas about psychiatricalal nursing and the nursing profession (Holden, 2002). She worked in psychiatric nursing afterwards and was greatly influenced from working with Eric and Frieda Fromm, who were highly influential and successful psychologists at that time. She was also in contact with and influenced by Harry hoi polloi Sullivan. During World War II she stationed in London at a neuropsychiatric center. While she was there she had conversations with many significant people in psychiatry.Duri ng her shifts, the psychiatrists would prove their cases and it became an extension of her psychiatric course work from her Bachelor Degree in Psychology (Holden, 2002)Afterwards, over several years, Peplau earned her Masters and Doctorate Degrees at teachers College at Columbia University and her Doctorate in Education (Parker & Smith, 2010). She was also certified in psychoanalysis by the William Alanson White Institute of New York City, in the early 1950s. In her career she not only developed the Interpersonal RelationTheory of Nursing but developed several graduate psychiatric nursing programs (Holden, 2002).Hildegard Peplau received special recognition by the ANA Council of Advanced Practitioners in Psychiatric/ Mental Health Nursing. Because of her extensive education and exposure to the science of psychology (and some of its finest professional members), she was able to pave the way for psychiatric nursing within the nursing profession. Up until her influence, it was the nur ses responsibility to evidently administer the medication the psychiatrists ordered and assist the patient with basic health care as needed.Peplaus Support of Multidisciplinary Sciences in the Field of Nursing It is obvious that Peplaus development of the Interpersonal Relations in Nursing Theory also was birthed out of her psychology/psychiatry education and experience. It was her goal to bring psychiatric nursing to more that nurses giving medication and caring for basic physical needs. She was the mother of psychiatric nursing. She paved the way for nurses to practice psychotherapy by jump training them to talk to patients. Her theory was greatly influenced by Sullivans Interpersonal Theory. Sullivan was the first American psychiatrist to develop a Comprehensive Personality Theory and saw psychiatric problems as being developed from bad interpersonal relationships. (Slide show site). Peplau also utilized the discipline of education to further her development and advance of th e Interpersonal Relations Theory.She also utilized it to train others in more advanced ways of practicing as psychiatric nursing (Holden, 2002). Peplau did not only show her approval of using the multidiscipline sciences in nursing by utilizing them in her practice and teaching, but she taught that this was the best practice to do in the field of nursing. In an interview that was done in 1999 she was questioned on the use of other disciplines by nursing and was it acceptable for nurses to practice using someone elses knowledge. She answered by first saying that she promoted scientific research in neuropsychiatry, genetics and biochemistry and had served on government committees regarding them. She believed that it was important for nurses to continue to study and know about human beings biologically and about their existence in the environment (Spray, 1999).She confirmed that she always supported the development of all social sciences. She hoped that thebasics of science (neuroscie nce, biology, and brain research) and the social sciences (the psychosocial humanitarian piece), that is, the connections and the integrations of these, will be identified and formulated (Spray, 1999). In saying that she validated the use of all knowledge, coming together so as to serve nursing in becoming its best. The writer believes, with many others, that Hildegard Peplau was a great pioneer in the nursing profession and not only supported multidiscipline of sciences for use in nursing but exemplified it wonderfully. Literature Review on Peplaus Theory of Interpersonal Relations Theory of NursingA literary review, using the hooked for research as Peplaus Interpersonal Relations Theory of Nursing was done using ProQuests website for peer-reviewed literary articles. The result is that the subject was discussed in 95 peer reviewed journals and two trade journals. Using Google Books a research was done using the same. There were too many books, including psychiatric text books by Brunner and Saddarth and Lippincott, which include a full description on Peplau and her founding nursing theory. It is quite obvious that her theory has been adopted by nursing profession. She has been called the mother of psychiatric nursing (Holden, 2002).ReferencesGregg, D. (1999, Jul-Sep ). Hildegard E. Peplau Her contributions. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 35(3), 10-12. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/200788729?accountid=34574 Holden, M. (2002, Nov.). Hildegard Peplau Psychiatric Nurse of the Century. Military Medicine, 167(12), 111. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/217052138?accountid=34574 Parker, M. (2010). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. Philadelphia, PA, United States of America FA Davis. Spray, S. L. ( 1999, Jul-Sep ). The evolution of the psychiatric clinical nurse specialist An interview with Hildegard E. Peplau. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 35(3), 27-37. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/200788948?accoun tid=34574

Banning Catcher in the Rye Essay

The Catcher in the rye by J. D. Salinger should not be banned in schools found solely on the fact that it is a controversial phonograph record that uses harsh language and sexual references. This book is J. D. Salingers freedom of speech, and it is a violation of the initiatory amendment for schools to ban this book. This book is only offering an inside look into what teenagers go through in some point of their lives.According to the Los Angeles Times, The Catcher in the Ryes, profanity and sexual references drew scandalized reactions (Rotella 18). Although this book has many sexual references, it is not in any way as explicit and as bad as what teenagers see and hear nowadays on television and in the world. Holden occasionally thinks and talks about sex Most guys at Pencey talked about having sexual telling with girls all the time. (Salinger 48).The average teenager often thinks and talks about sex. It is not unusual for teenagers to do this. The profanity in this book is als o not as bad as it may seem. Patty Salazar, a concerned mother and religious activist, claims that, It uses the Lords name in vain 200 clock (Rotella 17), but the curse words used in The Catcher in the Rye are nothing that teenagers have not heard before in their everyday lives. Banning The Catcher in the Rye in school is not acceptable.It is a violation of the first amendment, and it is nothing far from what teenagers encounter everyday. This book gives teenagers someone in literature that they are able to relate to in one way or another. The Catcher in the Rye is not a book that will corrupt young readers. The underlying theme of this book is loss of innocence. This loss occurs when a teenager makes the change to adulthood where he or she is obscured by phoniness. By banning this book from schools, the only thing that teenagers would be sheltered from is reality.

Limitations of cvp analysis Essay

In any business it is really obvious for questions like, what proceeds on profit can it expect if it trains more products? What quantity of products and services must a business sell in order to break even for the year? What happens to the breakeven point of the business if it decides to add or increase the quantity of a product or services they currently offer? to arise. The analytical proficiency that helps the managerial accountants to address these questions is called Cost Volume profit analysis. (Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008 p.298). It provides with vital information about the effect of revenue raised and the cost incurred within a accepted business. CVP analysis can also be used to analyse the effect on profit due to changes in prices, costs, tax, interests and the mix of product sold by the organisation. (Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008 p.298).CVP analysis is used by the managers in day to day basis in order to run the business smoothly. Correct use of this can work to a detailed unders tanding of what actions should and can be taken in order to save the business from facing any loss, and make profit or at least break even. CVP analysis is a helpful tool for the way just now it also suffers with some limitations. It provides the management with the insight of the current mystify of the business and also reflects any potential problems the company could face in a short run. CVP graph directs managements attention to this situation but is not able to provide a solution to any potential problem within the business. (Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008 p.303).Many assumptions should be made in order to produce a CVP analysis such as, keeping the total revenue linear which means the price or product or service will not change as sales changes, keeping total expense linear which means the total fixed and the unit variable expense remains unaltered as activity varies, the efficiency and productivity remains constant and the sales mix in a multi products company remains constant. (T ata McGraw-Hill, 2008 p.314). All these assumptions are very much necessary in order to produce a CVP analysis but they are not necessarily constants in a day to day business. If by any reasons the sales mix changes in the business than a new CVP analysis should be made for thisnew sales mix. CVP analysis provides the management of any organisation with vital information that it requires for day to day operation but also has some limitations.ReferenceTata McGraw-Hill (2008) Managerial Accounting Creating Value in a Dynamic Business Environment. New Delhi, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.

Learning styles Essay

Overview 1. What be development styles? 2. Why development styles be important? 3. What are the different acquire style classifications available? 4. What are the similarities and differences between different acquire style classifications? 5. What is/are your learning style/s? 6. What is/are the about appropriate learning method/s for your learning style/s? 1. What are learning styles? ? Learning style is an come to learning ? It is not how you learn i. e. not the method of learning ?It is, rather, how you prefer learning i. e. what arethe broad strategies of learning that you prefer Which of the following two statements illustrates a learning style? I like lectures this is not a learning style, entirely a preference for a method I like to gain knowledge by listening to others this is a learning style preference for an approach 2. Why learning styles are important? ?Matching learning methods to learning styles ? Developing a learning organisation/network in which students adapt assortment & learn ? Developing individual learning plans ? Self-development for individuals?Assessing suitability for specific training courses ? Training the trainer ? Team building, looking at team strengths & weaknesses ? 360 degree judgement 3. What are the different learning style classifications available? ? There are more than half-a-dozen learning style classifications ? This shows that there is no one- top hat way to learn ? Rather, base on the individual needs and the personality traits, the approach that one takes to learning differs ? Out of the many learning style classifications, there are two that are commonly used 1.VARK classification 11. Classification based on Kolbs cycle I. VARK learning styles Visual learner Auditory learner Reading/ typography Kinaesthetic learner Action-oriented Thinkers II. Kolbs learning styles Reflector Theorist Activist Pragmatist 4. What are the similarities and differences between different learning style classifications? ? Al l classifications aim at a common cause/outcome so, to this extent, there cannot be major differences ? However, there are differences related to the orientation of learning or the angle through which learning is viewed.VARK based on the sensational input for learning / how we capture learning Kolbs based on the cognition/ how we understand VARK vs Kolb an approximate similarity Theorists Reflectors Pragmatists Activists 5. What is/are your learning style/s? 1. Go to http//www. varklearn. com/english/page. asp? p=questionnaire 2. Answer the questionnaire and get a score 3. Interpret the score to pose out your dominant learning styles 6. What is/are the more or less appropriate learning strategies for your learning style/s? 1. Form groups that have similar dominant learningstyles.2. Individually make a list (in priority order) of your preferred learning methods 3. Compare your list with the others in the group 4. Find out the three most preferred learning methods of the group (in priority order) Summary 1. What are learning styles? Approach to learning 2. Why learning styles are important? To know the best learning method to adopt 3. What are the different learning style classifications available? VARK / Kolbs 4. What are the similarities and differences between different learning style classifications?VARK sensory input based Kolbs cognition based 5. What is/are your learning style/s? Usually a combination of learning styles 6. What is/are the most appropriate learning method/s for your learning style/s? Though broadly similar, methods may differ even within the same learning style References Fleming, N. D. (2001). Teaching and learning styles VARK strategies. Christchurch , New Zealand N. D. Fleming. Kolb, D. (1984). Experiential learning Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs , NJ PrenticeHall.

Advantages of Homework

Almost every individual who underwent formal get wording (traditional, distance readying, home take apart etc) experienced being assigned with a cooking or subsidization. A training/ fitting is a p divisiontariat delegated by a instructor to the scholar, a slay-home chore that the assimilator should accomplish at home and present/submit at the start of the following crop day. Assignments and prep tasks inside school setting is, with expose a doubt, one of the matureest in any casels being partd by teachers and academicians who believe that more than(prenominal) tasks contribute to the eruditeness of the bookman.The practice session of provision and grant is largely observed in dissimilar parts of the world. Asian, Ameri dissolve and European schools, as well as other nurture institutions, part readying and subsidization to impart lessons and to train pupils towards acquiring a habit of reading and writing. Further much than, it develops other faculties of thinking and behavior to achieve the idea of acquisition, both(prenominal) academics-wise and the implication of this knowledge in more than practical and verit adequate to(p)- flavour application. cookery, come forth tillage, soci wholey-sh bed beliefs and the scholar stereotypeHomework has been an entire part of the systematic, school-based reading change. Beca practice session the academic learning surgical operation is a significant aspect of the social spirit both for children (who are studying) and adults (who are parents or guardians of studying children), it should come as no surprise when student life, learning and the learning irradiations like training and naming was easily integrated in the social culture. The pop media portrays diligent and studious individuals as those who take time to work on their preparation and designation.While the action or failure to accomplish designation and formulation requirements are socially accepted cultural symbo lisms for the lax, the academically-challenged or those who are not too serious around learning anything from school. Take for example, the case of the casings Hermione Granger and Ronald Weasly of the hold up and movie fame Harry Potter series. Hermione possesses the characteristic of being a bright and smart student, while her hero Ron was not as good in their academics while studying at Hogwarts.This is established with many diverse instances, including the several times Ron asked Hermione to supporter him with his naming and formulation. The times when Ron would grumble ab by lengthy prep and appellation, and the instances wherein Hermione would place her knowledge by studying well ahead and doing their formulation and appellation as required by their teacher, implying that her knowledge was a result of many different things, and that includes training and assignment.Mainstream media, like movies and television shows, portrays not near the stereotypes represented by their attitude towards assignment and prep. It likewise represents the different perspective of students towards readiness and assignment, and the attitude the students take become role models or key influence-sources for other students for their attitude towards assignment and planning. Students reported that they were distracted from school assignment and grooming by inappropriate role models on television.They complained that their parents did not sufficiently monitor the kinds of television programs they espouse or how much time they spent watching television (Ogbu, 2003, p. 240). In the movie American muniment X, the character played by Edward Fur commodious was summoned to the principals office because of a scandalous out hurtle in one of his history readying tasks. The principal made another assignment, and it was the accomplishment of this assignment that Fur bulkys character managed to get a perspective of his life and how he is affected by the people around hi m and the troupe in general.The assignment/homework in the movie represents the many different touchstones for self realisticization, self sound judgement and a way to ventilate judgments and feelings so that constructive knowledge can come in and help shape the person towards how the beau monde expects one to be. This idea points to the concomitant that the state of homework and assignment culture reflects the students as much as it reflects the status of this crabbed tool in the high society. If on that point are too many signs saying that the society condones dissatisfaction over the tasks involved in assignment and homework compliance, then the society should re-assess its position.It should take a very good look at the unconditional touch on of homework and assignment in the learning operate of a student before it allows the feeling of negativity towards this crabbed learning tool to go any further. In print and in television, fictional scenarios in books, televisi on shows, preposterous strips, movies and other types of entertainment, tackle the issue of assignment and homework by featuring a dutiful mother or father encouraging their child to work on his/her assignment and homework.Amidst futile protests and childish grumblings, symbolizing the fact that homework and assignment is not particularly popular in intimately members of the student population. In real life, many students are not fond of assignments, and more or less of them may get very valid points in arguing for the abolition of the use of assignment and homework as a learning tool. In some cases, the inability of teachers and parents to use strategies for military issueive assignment and homework tasking removes whatever executable positive impact that assignment and homework posses. closely teachers see the value of assigning homework, but get bogged down in its management. Most parents see the value of homework (Mierzwik, 2005, p. 23). alone clearly, the above mentio ned considerations are mere meager and insignificant compared to what students all in all are set to gain if the school systems are allowed to continue victimisation homework and assignment to infuse the learning experience to the students. The primings why assignment and homework are educational tools profitable to the learning of the students far outweigh the reasons why the academe should do without it.Problem Statement Despite the spacious use of assignment and homework inside the academic learning process, there are those who believe that homework and assignment is archaic, anachronistic and overall a waste of time. This is largely because they consider assignment and homework as futile and a waste of time for students and teachers since nothing beneficial is extracted from it. This paper allow for try to controvert this idea and present proof that contrary to the belief of those batting for the abolition and removal of assignment and homework.The use of this particular t ool inside schools and learning institutions in fact provide a very most-valuable contribution towards the overall growth and maturation of the knowledge and intelligence level of a student owed to a productive learning process maximized by the input of homework and assignment in the learning process. The seed of the problem is the emergence of the belief that school systems and teaching styles is mitigate off without the use of assignment and homework. face at the life cycle of assignments, it is easily noticeable how there are many different calorie-free points in the homework and assignment accomplishment process that somehow contributes to the weakening of the desired effects of homework and assignment, and these factors cannot be easily remedied. The desired effect to students who accomplish the homework and assignment tasks given by the teacher is clearly jeopardized in many different instances, and because of this, some people believe that the system is better without m uch(prenominal) set of tasks.Proponents of those going against the idea of using assignment and homework believe that the use of such tool is pointless in many different instances which are constantly occurring and is not something alien to the way of life of students everywhere. Roots of the problem Providing a hypothetical analysis to the reasons and the factors involved in the perceived failure and futility of the use of assignment and homeworkTo be able to see the weak points where the essence of the advantages of homework and assignment seeps out even before it is used and maximized by the students, there should be an analysis of some of the common instances and factors that should be addressed before homework and assignment returns to its previously potent state. Why is assignment and homework not doing what it is supposed to do to students? The very first weak link in the armor is found in the participation of the students.But these are problems which can be remedied. These p roblems decreases the impact of assignment and homework but this merely does not devise homework and assignment useless. The educational institution cannot just remove an age old learning tool just because it was more convenient to do so. The problem was there were factors that limit and adversely affect the impact of homework and assignment on the students. This does not mean that homework and assignment are useless and was useless from the start.The rest of the paper result elaborate on the perceived advantages of the use of assignment and homework, in the hope that these advantages are convincing enough for it to be the catalyst of change towards the manner by which homework and assignment is appraised, considered and utilized. The paper hopes to accomplish this through by proving key points about the issue by referencing some of the previously published works that support the overall claim and stand of the paper about homework and assignment. Literature ReviewTo be able to es tablish the claim that the use of homework and assignment as part of the academic progress and learning process of the student is indeed useful and advantageous for the student, this research will rely on the input from several literary sources proving that the papers claim stands on steady grounds. Proof of the advantages of Homework Artzt and Armour-Thomas (2001) explicitly stated in the book Becoming a Reflective math Teacher about the importance and significance of assignment and homework in student learning. Most teachers book that homework is a critical part of the teaching-learning process (Artzt, Armour-Thomas, 2001, p. 130). Artzt and Armour-Thomas believed that the role of homework and assignment is that this allows the student to license what he or she learned in school. Through this exercise, the lessons are retained more in effect(p)ly in the consciousness of the student, therefore making assignments and homework integral in the learning process.This particular li ne of thought can be seen in different research and study efforts wherein researchers used real students and real learning experience to see the effect of providing assignment and homework and other learning tools and support structures to see if rise is noticeable afterward exposure to such methods. Cooper and Valentine (2001) wrote in detail about these types of studies so that researchers can reference previous research and study results involving students and the effect of homework and assignment in their performance after long term and short term experimentation. Students with learning disabilities and average-achieving students with homework problems showed significantly better rates of homework completion ad weekly quiz performance in response to real-life assignments, homework planners and graphing (Cooper, Valentine, 2001, p. 175). The learning process, as Artzt and Armour-Thomas suggested, is not confined in the four corners of the classroom but instead involves the fam ily and the home.Since it is not always flaccid to consistently gauge if all of the students are learning, the outcome in of the assignments and homework which the student submit will allow the teacher an additional avenue which the teacher can use to have an insight in the academic development and learning progress of the student. Assignment and homework is an important support structure in learning because through assignment and homework, the discipline that the student needs to remember constantly to be able to learn and master is tackled during and after school.Yes, those who oppose assignment and have no faith in the positive effect of homework may argue that indeed, there are many other different learning tools which can be used to teach students and put on their learning process a achiever. But what is more important is that while assignment and homework alone cannot provide the holistic academic and learning development a student needs. It is nonetheless a very integral and significant part that without which there will be a clear struggle to learn and retain information which was absorbed by the student while in school. With access to these various support structures, students ability to successfully learn mathematics was enhanced. unmatched student stated, in algebra when I first started, I didnt watch something like writing equations, so I would go in after school. I got help frequent until I understood (Kitchen, Celedon-Pattichis, De Pree, 2006, p. 102). Mierzwik (2005) was in amount of money agreement about the proposition on the idea about the significance of the role of assignment and homework in student learning and the overall Learning Process. Everyone would agree that the more you practice a skill, the better you will be at performing that skill. Homework provides a valuable opportunity to monitor student learning, practice of a skill or concept that has been taught, tie in school learning with real world experience, actively involve the family in the students education and prepare for in-school activities (Mierzwik, 2005, p. 23). Several books talk about how teachers, researchers and academicians study the impact of homework and assignment in different subjects, different age level and in different situations. on that point are results that lead to the conclusion that homework indeed helps students im chuck out in their academics and be more susceptible to learning. Cooper and Valentine (2001) wrote in a book entitled Homework about a study involving students who were provided with homework. Before the use of homework, the researcher renowned the academic performance and strength of all of the students involved, and the researcher noted that 50 percent of the students involved in the experiment showed purifyment after being subjected to assignments. Rosenberg (1989) compared the effect of cover instruction plus supplemental homework on the math performances of six elementary students with learning disabili ties. Homework improved the performance of three students while three showed inconsistent performances (Cooper, Valentine, 2001, p. 175). Cooper and Valentine (2001) talked about studies focused on the role of homework and equal significance of their supporting learning tools.The completion of homework and the ability to admit the most out of homework and assignment is harnessed among the target students, writing about how a theme of researchers trained parents of students who were both learning disabled and gifted to use homework compliance timetable (e. g. homework is to be done from 445 to 550 p. m. ) and noncoercive behavioral discipline techniques. From baseline to study end, students showed improved grades and behavior (Cooper, Valentine, 2001, p. 175). Homework, active participation and the positive end result. Working on assignments and homework can earn out the trump out in the student especially for shy and timid students who would not recite or actively participate in class. This is because assignment are done inside the house, inside the students room where the student is not conscious with the approval and estimate of his/her teacher/classmate with what he or she is doing. Because of this, the inhibition decreases and the student becomes more relaxed, allowing the student to be able to focus and bring out everything that he or she learned at school and apply it in the assignment.Mathematics, in particular, is one of the subjects which can be better learned if the learning set up and situation is like this, making it more conducive to learning. Learning mathematics necessitates active involvement on the students part. Giving students problems to do on their own in the privacy of their homes affords them the opportunity to practice what they have learned, to discover what is they do not understand, and maybe to extend their learning through new applications (Artzt, Armour-Thomas, 2001, p. 30). Rosenblum-Lowden (2000) explained the importanc e of assignment and homework in the teaching and learning cycle of the life of students and teachers by describing homework and assignment as something regularly and consistently seen. Teachers have a very crucial role in the preservation of the culture of assignment and homework inside the classroom because if the teachers give in to the demand for the no-assignment policy.Students would stop expecting it altogether, and that is a problem, not just in the behavior of students in learning-related tasks but as well as their outlook in assignment and homework after long stretches of not experiencing one. Because of this, there is a need for a consistent, regular and expected assignment and homework tasks. It is a good idea to have a short daily homework assignment prepared from sidereal day 1. Theyll groan, but dont be put off by it. They expect homework I always put my assignments in the same spot on the board.When my students walk in my room, they automatically look at the f numbe r left-hand corner of the board. It just makes for an easy routine, and homework becomes something they expect and should get (Rosenblum-Lowden, 2000, p. 39). Having provided sufficient input to prove that assignment and homework is an important part of a students life which enables the learning process to take its course in a way that is productive and effective, it is also important to point out that there are people and institutions that are in time doing everything they can.They can better understand the nature of with child(p) assignments and homework and how this particular tool helps (and can better help) the students, the teacher, the teaching style, the learning process and experience and the facilitation of computer memory of knowledge through repetitive action and exercise. Researchers constantly focus on the disposition of different factors modify the military capability of homework and assignment and why it can also fail for some students.The effort to understan d assignment and homework better always have in it the potential to be able to improve assignment and homework design in a way that it can allow students and teacher to use it better and expect more positive impact with the use of this tool. We necessityed to include factors such as students attitude to the subject and their relevant prior knowledge in relation to the task as it was likely to be relevant to their response to a particular homework assignment (Poulson, Wallace, 2003, p. 130). some other implications of homework and assignment in student and learning processAside from the role of assignment and homework in student learning per se, some professionals believe that there are other roles that homework and assignment takes on, roles which yield output that is still advantageous to the pursuit of learning of the student. Earlier research had suggested that students engagement with homework may be related to their learning identity (Poulson, Wallace, 2003, p. 90). The ful l impact of the role of homework and assignment, professionals believe, is yet to be discovered in spite of available information that already shows the significance of homework and assignment.Aware of such situation, some researchers are still putting effort towards finding out more about homework and its impact and effect in the student and in the student learning process. Researchers carry results that are inclined towards proving that homework and assignments are overall useful and advantageous to the student. We wished to discover whether a particular homework assignment had increased any students knowledge of the topic, provided the student with new skills or understanding, or helped her or him to make connections with out-of-school learning.Following Pollard and Filer, we were interested in looking at wider learning outcomes, such as whether the completion (or non completion) of a homework assignment had any impact on a students self esteem, attitude towards the subject or wider orientation towards learning (Poulson, Wallace, 2003, p90). Some teachers and academicians believe so much in the power of homework and assignment in student learning that they even fig out groups and school-based clubs designed specifically to maximize the use and impact of homework and assignment in the life of the students, using it to learn more and consistently. An additional means for supporting student learning was an afterschool homework club staffed with offer up tutors from the community. One teacher explained, the school offers a homework club that runs Monday through Friday. Finally, most teachers were available everyday after school for additional support (Kitchen, Celedon-Pattichis, De Pree, 2006, p. 102). Literary support outside the educators readings for understanding homework and assignment problems and solutions. In the effort to understand the nature of the students reaction towards assignment and homework, academicians and teachers should also try expl oring other fields and profession which utilizes homework and assignment. Through this, teachers and academicians can better esteem and understand the impact of homework and assignment even outside academic life and in the process learn new things which it can integrate to the teaching paradigm involving the use of assignment. Take for example, the assessment of assignment and homework compliance and the attitude and the factors involved in this analysis.This aspect is important if the academic world wants to go along the use of assignment and homework. But for them to do so, it is not enough to understand merely the positive impact of assignment and homework. It is also important that they have a very good perspective when it comes to analysing the probable chinks in the failure of the assignment and homework as a teaching strategy. The field of psychology maybe the best first stop in the effort to circumnavigate the different professions that are dependent on the use of assignme nt which are capable of understanding the nature of homework when it breaks down. When clients fail to do homework, respond in a neutral but curious manner and focus on identifying the problems that may have contributed to homework noncompliance. If the homework was not completed (or attempted) set aside the entire session to review why the homework was not done Did we make the homework too difficult? Were the homework instructions unclear? Did some unanticipated problem arise (Koocher, Norcross, Hill, 2004, p. 323)? This particular style in insight towards understanding assignment and homework and the factors that affect it may not just minimize the rise of negativity over assignment and homework all in all. But this may also lead to a more constructive appraisal and assessment of the problem and the possible solutions and adjustments so that assignments and homework can be used and improved. Recommendation The investigation of the paper about the different important aspects relate d to the establishment of the presence of advantage and gain in the use of homework and assignment also brought to light some important points of discussion.The perceived positive characteristics of assignment and homework are maximized by the student, teacher and the academic /educational institutions. As the presence of the good effect of assignment and homework is already seen and felt, it is nonetheless paramount that factors that deter the further development of assignment and homework as a learning tool are identified and necessary actions taken regarding such factors. There are less and less reasons for cynics and sceptics to doubt the potency of homework and assignment.Seek parent support in utilizing and maximizing the effect of assignment and homework The active role of parents also is an important consideration if teachers and academicians want to take assignment and homework to another level and make the most of the effect of homework and assignment. This is something t hat researchers have already looked into in the past, and they have contributed several important insights in the importance of parent roles in the success and positive impact of assignments and homework.If parents think that they are not instrumental in the success of homework and assignment and the overall academic performance of their student-children, they are completely mislead by this belief. The importance of parents supervision of homework was not lost on the students. For example, MAC scholars reported that parents supervision of their schoolwork and homework was an important reason for their academic success (Ogbu, 2003, p. 240). Cooper and Valentine (2001) wrote about the positive impact of assignment when used alongside effective parenting in the learning and education process of a student. Cooper and Valentine (2001) discussed about a study have the training of parents of sixth and seventh grade at-risk youth to monitor and check homework, use materials provided, and ro le-play homework situations. Students were trained to (a) self monitor, (b) self record, (c) self-reinforce, and (d) self-instruct and set goals.Students whose parents implemented program strategies accurately and consistently showed increased homework completion, homework quality, and scores on a standardized math test than students who parents did not follow through (Cooper, Valentine, 2001, p. 175). But parents should understand that the meaning of parents participation refers to the presence of encouragement and guidance in having the student accomplish the assignment or homework. Parent involvement in the homework does not mean that teachers should make very difficult assignments that the parents are forced to do it themselves. Homework is also a parent-teacher relationship too. The homework represents you. Make sure it isnt just busywork, or so difficult that you expect parents to play a major(ip) role in it (Rosenblum-Lowden, 2000, p. 39). Take active role in the breaking d own of culture and practices contact students today which enables them to escape the task of doing their assignment and homework Many parents, individuals and groups are talking about the possible decay of the educational institutions because of the worsening case of the ability of students to learn.But adults who are influential in the educational system of the society should also take a good look at their role as policy makers in the educational system. Instead, they should support the development and continued use of learning tools such as assignment and homework by doing their part in removing and blocking social trends that inhibit the undertaking and effectiveness of homework and assignment. Some may think that this issue should be addressed solely by the members of the educational institutions and parents.But there are those who believe that the change in educational system involves the entire society in itself. All of the aspects found here contribute greatly to how educati onal system and culture is shaped, and that includes the do of the attitude towards assignment and homework by students, parents, academicians and other members of the society, some of them indifferent to the problem itself. We also demand to recognise that these specific contexts were in turn located within a range or wider social, semipolitical and cultural contexts.For example, as already mentioned, we would be carrying out our study in a time when there was considerable support and enthusiasm for homework from politicians and policymakers (Poulson, Wallace, 2003, p. 90). There are also other significant inputs for this particular issue. For one, it is important that there is an effort to redesign, if necessary, assignment styles and structures in a way that it is more exciting and excite to do, moving away from the copy-and-paste approach that question and answer assignment types solicit from students who are answering their assignments in a robotic function. Believe it or not, your students understand that homework is a sign that a teacher cares about them. It is easier not to give homework, but we must give challenging assignments. Of equal importance is the manner in which the assignments are treated by the teacher (Rosenblum-Lowden, 2000, p. 39). One of the possible reasons why assignments, over time and long exposure of students to it, becomes ineffective is the redundancy and the lack of exciting and stimulating challenge that students get from it.Learning is more easily achieved if the experience features excitement due to mental stimulation, powered by the fuel of genuine foreignness and not forced by role-playing chores or by authoritarian pressure. It is important to remind the teachers and the academicians that as much as students are learning everyday, so should they. The focus of learning is how to move away from overused assignment and homework styles, try to move out of their comfort zone and study new ways and means to make assignmen t and homework more intellectually stimulating.If the students find homework and assignment as exciting as the other things that they do in their own accord and will, then the learning process that goes with it will be able to function. In addition to thoughtfully assigning problems from the text, teachers should also try to assign interesting problems by consulting other sources and or using their own creativity (Artzt, Armour-Thomas, 2001, p. 130). ConclusionOne of the important points raised here, is that, despite the fact that there are already many different available information about homework and assignment and the role of this learning tool not just in learning but also in the overall development of a student as a person, there are still many individuals who are bent on knowing more about the impact of homework and assignment to a student. There are other important information about homework and assignment, which maybe utile in the near future for homework/assignment asses sment and other related endeavor.The other information coming from the pursuit of knowing the advantages of homework and assignment to a students learning process also yields information that is interesting and quite useful for demographic breakdown on other assignment and homework-related problems (i. e. the ratio of the different types of students and how they respond to assignments and homework and the reason for such occurrence, etc). There is evidence that female students do more homework than males (Poulson, Wallace, 2003, p. 90).

The Death Penalty

The Death penalisation If we crumple to execute carrying outers, and doing so would in circumstance work deterred other executions, we have allowed the cleaning of a thud of devoid victims. I would much rather risk the unioniseer. This, to me, is non a tough call. (McAdams) The ending penalization should be well-groundedized in all fifty arouses, to avert from disgust, moderate arrogate forwardenders off of the streets, and to thin tax compensationers the speak to of keeping those found guilty of atrocious crimes in prison low.The destruction penalization dissolve in fact deter heinous crimes from cosmos committed when it is lawful in a state. social scientists have stated that the act of general deterrence, which is when the penalisation deters potential criminals from committing crimes, keeps criminals from going through and through with crimes. However, it is much shown that deliberate crimes be usually the ones stopped by general deterrence, no t crimes under passion. Heinous crimes have been trim back super in the states that have a heavy(p) penalization law.The remnant penalisation keeps repeat offenders off of the streets. In Michigan a case that represents this happened A world who was hired by Honeywell Inc. , after component part quad years in prison for strangling a fellow has been charged with killing some other co-worker and a wo spell he allegedly stalked and threatened for weeks (Sullum personal file). Had the destruction penalty been allowed in Michigan the wo earthly concerns sprightliness could have been sparred, for the male who kill her would have been penalise wide before and never had the chance to dispatch her.The conclusion penalty may be a long process, but it does not give those on dying row a trust of parole. By having the heinous criminals in prisons on death row keeps them from repeating crimes. In five out of seven-spot cases it is express that criminals will erst again commit crimes once released from prison of poky. The death penalty keeps the criminals in jail and executes them. This protects the general public from absentous crimes from repeat offenders.The death penalty also keeps taxpayers appeals low, beca lend oneself the prison looses members in which the state taxes would have to pay for. The citizens of the state pay for the prisoners, and my eliminating the criminals jailed for heinous crimes reduces cost by a high percent. The average cost per year per prison is about $1 billion. By enforcing the death penalty and making it lawful female genitals reduce that cost by almost half. Half does not run short like much in such(prenominal)(prenominal) large terms, but in reality it is an immense measure of specie that the taxpayers apprize be u blurtg somewhatwhere else.Struggling families still have to pay for jail criminals and the death penalty drive out in turn have more money in that home, because it would not be put towards t he prison. in that respect is another side to the death penalty, however. Most tribe reckon the death penalty is fast and unjust. Some say that the idea of an eye for an eye should not put through to the death penalty. Capital punishment is still an act of murder, which is punishable by law. This is a major command of those against pileus punishment. There argon also religious supposes that keep m any opposed of the death penalty.Christians view the death penalty as wrong because of the fact that killing a killer is still killing, which is a sin that breaks one of the Ten Commandments. The large population of Christians in the linked States keeps the vote against uppercase punishment high, because this tribe was built on that faith and it is also the highest religion in the nation. The death penalty keeps taxpayers cost low, keeps repeat offenders off of the street, and deters heinous crime, and therefore should be made lawful in all fifty states of the join States of Am erica.The Death penalisationThe Death Penalty It is Never fittingified A young man has been charged with the brutal murder of a seventeen year old girl after raping and mutilating her body. This crime was so heinous and unthinkable that the tho punishment that seems to fit the crime is capital punishment there is only one enigmathe man convicted is innocent. The public is so caught up in diddleing Justice to the murdered girl that through capital punishment more injustice is brought into the world and the biography of another innocent being is taken. There is no going back and undoing the mistake.There is no undoing in the content of death. The accidental murder of an innocent person through the death penalty is Just one vogue in which the death penalty is a completely unethical, flawed, and unjustified form of punishment. Problems associated with the death penalty such as it being stale, discriminatory, and an un passably form of punishment, are reasons that capital puni shment is never the answer to modify murder claim. The death penalty is extremely in compassionate. Three common techniques used to perform the sentence admit the electric chair, throttle chambers, and lethal blastoff.Supporters of the death penalty argue that modern science has eliminated the federal agent of vexation sensation by lethal stroke rebuttal, but how can this truly be proved? The scientific daybook the Nature print Group backing reported that almost half the prisoners are still conscious although paralytic during the lethal injection as the drug stops the heart. The NPG then goes on to state, If suitably qualified individuals deny to help entrap a new protocol, the state will face the prospect of continuing to use amateurs to kill people with arbitrary and outmoded technology (Amateur 2) evidence.Dying is a painful thing. The punishment of death is already extreme, but the fact that the prisoner is being put down with chemicals that arent even provided by physicians or scientists is fell and lacks any compassion. Andrew Stephen, the United States editor of the New Statesman magazine which reports on current affairs, backing also explained the barbarousness of the most humane form of capital punishment lethal injection. Stephen explained how the potassium chloride used in the injection causes excruciating pain as it makes its way through the veins and into the heart to kill the person.Stephen follows this by stating, The American veteran Medical connecter even issued guidelines in 2002 saying that the mix was unacceptable for putting dogs and cats, let but humans, to sleep (Stephen 33) evidence. How can a democracy in the U. S. which stands for Justice possibly support this blatantly inhumane form of punishment that isnt even suitable for animals? There is no way to properly kill a human being, it is immoral and unjust not matter who it is done to, and therefore does not hold a place in the U. S. Jurisdiction.The death penalty ca n also be very arbitrary or random in the sense that there is ot a set standard for everyone who commits murder to be sentenced to death. It makes junior-grade sense how some prisoners who are convicted of knockout murders keep the privilege of living while others who did not murder in cold blood do not get the opportunity for rehabilitation and redemption. The cause of such arbitrariness can be attributed to discrimination. David Bruck, who was a Harvard and University of South Carolina graduate, deald as a lawyer detending those charged witn capita punishment backing.Bruck illustrates how unfair capital punishment is in an essay he wrote for The New Republic magazine. Bruck explains how a man from Louisiana named Ernest Knighton killed a gas station owner while robbing the gas station. This is of course a terrible crime however, the crime was not premeditated and pales in comparison to other gruesome murders, yet someways Knighton was elect to be executed. This may be explaine d by the fact that Knighton was black, the victim was white, the Jury at his listening was entirely white, and he lacked sufficient defense.In other words, discrimination was a factor. Bruck explains this execution by stating, Ernest Knighton was picked out to break away the way a fisherman takes a play out of a ait Jar. No one cares which cricket gets impaled on the lift (Bruck NPA) evidence. There were clearly more threatening murderers out there than Knighton, but Knighton was chosen to die. The chance that this human body of discrimination will continue is entirely possible modal qualifier and illustrates the faults in the system of capital punishment.However, in cases such as capital punishment where death is involved, there is no room for faults. feel is a singular gift not to be taken lightly. Money also seems to be a discriminatory factor in the death penalty, as rich eople are more likely to neutralise the death penalty than are poor people who cannot afford proper defense. A rich murderers life is no more valuable than the life of a poor murderer, yet the chance of survival for a poor man is much lower than that of a rich man. This harsh fact is unfair.Scott Phillips author for the daybook of Criminal righteousness & Criminology backing writes, As Former Supreme Court Justice William Douglas, for example, noted One searches our chronicles in vain for the execution of any member of the affluent strata of this society (Phillips 718) evidence. It is efinitely plausible modal qualifier that the people who have money are the ones who can afford the best defense and therefore avoid the death penalty. It hardly seems fair that the rich get to live over the poor not because of innocence, but because of the size of their wallets.Two wrongs do not make a right under the conditions of murder. The system of capital punishment is obviously defective as it discriminates and seemingly picks its victims at random, risking the possibility of killing even t he innocent. Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is the only form of punishment that is orthy of murder rebuttal. This is an eye for an eye mentality. Edward Koch, the former mayor of New York backing, supported this mentality by stating, .. it can be easily demonstrated that the death penalty strengthens the value of human life. If the penalty for violation were lowered, clearly it would quest a lessened adhesion for the victims suffering.. .When we lower the penalty for murder, it signals a lessened regard for the value of the victims life (Koch NPA) evidence. Kochs statement is a fallacy of a false analogy and is therefore not plausible modal qualifier. No 2 rimes can really be compared to each other. Rape and murder are admittedly two very horrific offenses, but are in no way the same.We do not round the criminals charged of mess up to show them how it feels, nor should we kill the criminals charged of murder. Killing the prisoner makes us no better than the priso ner himself. Instead of capital punishment, there should be harsher punishments in Jail for those convicted of murder, Just as those convicted of rape have harsher punishments than those convicted ot tnett. Another argument supporters of the death penalty like to utilize is that killing a uman being is okay because it is done by the state, which has more rights, rather than an individual rebuttal.Koch makes the point when he writes, The execution of a lawfully condemned killer is no more an act of murder than is legal bondage an act of catch Rights and responsibilities surrendered by the individual are what give the state the power to govern ( Koch NPA) evidence. This is once again a fallacy of a false analogy. Of course legal imprisonment is not kidnapping, because it is an concord upon punishment by the people of a democracy for those who have roken the laws of society. On the contrary, capital punishment is not entirely agree upon because this punishment is too harsh.Capital p unishment is not necessary to govern its people if the state must compensate to the killing of individuals by the death penalty which has already been proven faulty, there are greater issues at hand. In the end, those who wish for capital punishment arent really wishing for Justice, or to keep come in. Justice and order can be achieved with without the killing of prisoners. It is rather unjust to inflict the death penalty, its only purpose to serve as a orm of bitter revenge that one can only hope will revenge the death of the lost person.However, it is not the place of the state to take revenge, but to bring Justice. Justice needs to be fair, humane, morally sound, and it needs to be reasonable. The death penalty in no way fits into any of those descriptions. This is a topic that should concern everyone. If the people of the United States allow for the death penalty, and the legal system makes a completely possible and at some point probable modal qualifier mistake and wrongful ly sentences an innocent man to death, that death is on each and every person who advocates the death penalty.The Death PenaltyThe Death Penalty It is Never Justified A young man has been charged with the brutal murder of a seventeen year old girl after raping and mutilating her body. This crime was so heinous and unthinkable that the only punishment that seems to fit the crime is capital punishment there is merely one problemthe man convicted is innocent. The public is so caught up in bringing Justice to the murdered girl that through capital punishment more injustice is brought into the world and the life of another innocent being is taken. There is no going back and undoing the mistake.There is no undoing in the matter of death. The accidental murder of an innocent person through the death penalty is Just one way in which the death penalty is a completely unethical, flawed, and unjustified form of punishment. Problems associated with the death penalty such as it being inhumane, d iscriminatory, and an unfair form of punishment, are reasons that capital punishment is never the answer to aggravated murder claim. The death penalty is extremely inhumane. Three common techniques used to perform the sentence include the electric chair, gas chambers, and lethal injection.Supporters of the death penalty argue that modern science has eliminated the factor of pain by lethal injection rebuttal, but how can this truly be proved? The scientific journal the Nature Publishing Group backing reported that almost half the prisoners are still conscious although paralyzed during the lethal injection as the drug stops the heart. The NPG then goes on to state, If suitably qualified individuals refuse to help prepare a new protocol, the state will face the prospect of continuing to use amateurs to kill people with arbitrary and outmoded technology (Amateur 2) evidence.Dying is a painful thing. The punishment of death is already extreme, but the fact that the prisoner is being put down with chemicals that arent even provided by physicians or scientists is cruel and lacks any compassion. Andrew Stephen, the United States editor of the New Statesman magazine which reports on current affairs, backing also explained the inhumanity of the most humane form of capital punishment lethal injection. Stephen explained how the potassium chloride used in the injection causes excruciating pain as it makes its way through the veins and into the heart to kill the person.Stephen follows this by stating, The American Veterinary Medical Association even issued guidelines in 2002 saying that the mix was unacceptable for putting dogs and cats, let alone humans, to sleep (Stephen 33) evidence. How can a democracy in the U. S. which stands for Justice possibly support this blatantly inhumane form of punishment that isnt even suitable for animals? There is no way to properly kill a human being, it is immoral and unjust not matter who it is done to, and therefore does not hold a plac e in the U. S. Jurisdiction.The death penalty can also be very arbitrary or random in the sense that there is ot a set standard for everyone who commits murder to be sentenced to death. It makes little sense how some prisoners who are convicted of terrible murders get the privilege of living while others who did not murder in cold blood do not get the opportunity for rehabilitation and redemption. The cause of such arbitrariness can be attributed to discrimination. David Bruck, who was a Harvard and University of South Carolina graduate, served as a lawyer detending those charged witn capita punishment backing.Bruck illustrates how unfair capital punishment is in an essay he wrote for The New Republic magazine. Bruck explains how a man from Louisiana named Ernest Knighton killed a gas station owner while robbing the gas station. This is of course a terrible crime however, the crime was not premeditated and pales in comparison to other gruesome murders, yet somehow Knighton was chose n to be executed. This may be explained by the fact that Knighton was black, the victim was white, the Jury at his hearing was entirely white, and he lacked sufficient defense.In other words, discrimination was a factor. Bruck explains this execution by stating, Ernest Knighton was picked out to die the way a fisherman takes a cricket out of a ait Jar. No one cares which cricket gets impaled on the hook (Bruck NPA) evidence. There were clearly more threatening murderers out there than Knighton, but Knighton was chosen to die. The chance that this kind of discrimination will continue is entirely possible modal qualifier and illustrates the faults in the system of capital punishment.However, in cases such as capital punishment where death is involved, there is no room for faults. Life is a precious gift not to be taken lightly. Money also seems to be a discriminatory factor in the death penalty, as rich eople are more likely to avoid the death penalty than are poor people who cannot a fford proper defense. A rich murderers life is no more valuable than the life of a poor murderer, yet the chance of survival for a poor man is much lower than that of a rich man. This harsh fact is unfair.Scott Phillips author for the Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology backing writes, As Former Supreme Court Justice William Douglas, for example, noted One searches our chronicles in vain for the execution of any member of the affluent strata of this society (Phillips 718) evidence. It is efinitely plausible modal qualifier that the people who have money are the ones who can afford the best defense and therefore avoid the death penalty. It hardly seems fair that the rich get to live over the poor not because of innocence, but because of the size of their wallets.Two wrongs do not make a right under the conditions of murder. The system of capital punishment is obviously defective as it discriminates and seemingly picks its victims at random, risking the possibility of killing even t he innocent. Advocates of the death penalty argue that it is the only form of punishment that is orthy of murder rebuttal. This is an eye for an eye mentality. Edward Koch, the former mayor of New York backing, supported this mentality by stating, .. it can be easily demonstrated that the death penalty strengthens the value of human life. If the penalty for rape were lowered, clearly it would signal a lessened regard for the victims suffering.. .When we lower the penalty for murder, it signals a lessened regard for the value of the victims life (Koch NPA) evidence. Kochs statement is a fallacy of a false analogy and is therefore not plausible modal qualifier. No two rimes can really be compared to each other. Rape and murder are admittedly two very horrific offenses, but are in no way the same.We do not rape the criminals charged of rape to show them how it feels, nor should we kill the criminals charged of murder. Killing the prisoner makes us no better than the prisoner himself. I nstead of capital punishment, there should be harsher punishments in Jail for those convicted of murder, Just as those convicted of rape have harsher punishments than those convicted ot tnett. Another argument supporters of the death penalty like to utilize is that killing a uman being is okay because it is done by the state, which has more rights, rather than an individual rebuttal.Koch makes the point when he writes, The execution of a lawfully condemned killer is no more an act of murder than is legal imprisonment an act of kidnapping Rights and responsibilities surrendered by the individual are what give the state the power to govern ( Koch NPA) evidence. This is once again a fallacy of a false analogy. Of course legal imprisonment is not kidnapping, because it is an agreed upon punishment by the people of a democracy for those who have roken the laws of society. On the contrary, capital punishment is not entirely agreed upon because this punishment is too harsh.Capital punishme nt is not necessary to govern its people if the state must resort to the killing of individuals by the death penalty which has already been proven faulty, there are greater issues at hand. In the end, those who wish for capital punishment arent really wishing for Justice, or to keep order. Justice and order can be achieved with without the killing of prisoners. It is rather unjust to inflict the death penalty, its only purpose to serve as a orm of bitter revenge that one can only hope will avenge the death of the lost person.However, it is not the place of the state to take revenge, but to bring Justice. Justice needs to be fair, humane, morally sound, and it needs to be reasonable. The death penalty in no way fits into any of those descriptions. This is a topic that should concern everyone. If the people of the United States allow for the death penalty, and the legal system makes a completely possible and at some point probable modal qualifier mistake and wrongfully sentences an in nocent man to death, that death is on each and every person who advocates the death penalty.The Death PenaltyThe Death Penalty If we fail to execute murderers, and doing so would in fact have deterred other murders, we have allowed the killing of a bunch of innocent victims. I would much rather risk the former. This, to me, is not a tough call. (McAdams) The death penalty should be legalized in all fifty states, to avert from crime, keep repeat offenders off of the streets, and to reduce taxpayers the cost of keeping those found guilty of heinous crimes in prison low.The death penalty can in fact deter heinous crimes from being committed when it is lawful in a state. Social scientists have stated that the act of general deterrence, which is when the punishment deters potential criminals from committing crimes, keeps criminals from going through with crimes. However, it is more shown that premeditated crimes are usually the ones stopped by general deterrence, not crimes under passio n. Heinous crimes have been reduced highly in the states that have a capital punishment law.The death penalty keeps repeat offenders off of the streets. In Michigan a case that represents this happened A man who was hired by Honeywell Inc. , after serving four years in prison for strangling a co-worker has been charged with killing another co-worker and a woman he allegedly stalked and threatened for weeks (Sullum personal file). Had the death penalty been allowed in Michigan the womans life could have been sparred, for the male who murdered her would have been executed long before and never had the chance to murder her.The death penalty may be a long process, but it does not give those on death row a hope of parole. By having the heinous criminals in prisons on death row keeps them from repeating crimes. In five out of seven cases it is said that criminals will once again commit crimes once released from prison of jail. The death penalty keeps the criminals in jail and executes the m. This protects the general public from murderous crimes from repeat offenders.The death penalty also keeps taxpayers costs low, because the prison looses members in which the state taxes would have to pay for. The citizens of the state pay for the prisoners, and my eliminating the criminals jailed for heinous crimes reduces cost by a high percent. The average cost per year per prison is about $1 billion. By enforcing the death penalty and making it lawful can reduce that cost by almost half. Half does not sound like much in such large terms, but in reality it is an immense amount of money that the taxpayers can be using somewhere else.Struggling families still have to pay for imprisoned criminals and the death penalty can in turn have more money in that home, because it would not be put towards the prison. There is another side to the death penalty, however. Most people believe the death penalty is immoral and unjust. Some say that the idea of an eye for an eye should not apply to the death penalty. Capital punishment is still an act of murder, which is punishable by law. This is a major argument of those against capital punishment. There are also religious views that keep many opposed of the death penalty.Christians view the death penalty as wrong because of the fact that killing a killer is still killing, which is a sin that breaks one of the Ten Commandments. The large population of Christians in the United States keeps the vote against capital punishment high, because this nation was built on that faith and it is also the highest religion in the nation. The death penalty keeps taxpayers cost low, keeps repeat offenders off of the street, and deters heinous crime, and therefore should be made lawful in all fifty states of the United States of America.